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1. MYSQL的安装以及测试 1.1 什么是数据库,有什么作用,以及有哪些特点 1.1.1 Database,DB,是一个数据的仓库; 1.1.2 用于保存、管理数据 1.1.3 特点: 1.1.3.1 一致性、完整性 1.1.3.2 降低冗余(重复) 1.1.3.3 应用的共享,以及有组织 1.1.4 数据仓库: 偏向于数据分析,是数据挖掘的一种 1.2 数据库的分类 1.2.1 关系型数据库(SQL),用“表”来存储 1.2.1.1 MYSQL 1.2.1.2 Oracle 1.2.1.3 SQL Server 1.2.1.4 SQLite 1.2.1.5 DB2 1.2.2 非关系型数据库(NoSQL) 1.2.2.1 MongoDB 1.2.2.2 Redis 1.3 DBMS 1.3.1 database management system 1.4 mysql-5.5.40-win32.msi的安装 1.4.1 Next -> custom setup -> install -> Next -> configuration enabled -> Detail -> Developer Machine -> Multifunctional Database -> Path -> connection number(DSS/OLAP 20) -> enabled tcp/ip port = 3306, enable strict mode -> mannual selected default character set/collation(utf-8) -> install as windows service -> modify security settings -> enabled root access from remote machines -> Execute 1.4.2 环境变量的配置 1.4.2.1 找到系统高级设置的环境变量PATH,添加MYSQL 5.5\bin;(绝对路径) 1.4.3 测试 1.4.3.1 计算机 -> 管理 -> 服务和应用程序 -> 查看MYSQL (或者在命令窗口输入service.msc) 1.4.3.2 cmd -> 以管理员身份运行 -> net stop mysql -> net start mysql -> mysql -uroot -p*** 1.4.4 软件的卸载 1.4.4.1 控制面板 -> 卸载软件 1.4.4.2 将安装文件夹删除 1.4.4.3 C: -> programdata -> MYSQL 文件删除 (如果找不到programData,组织->文件夹和搜索->查看->显示隐藏文件、文件夹) 1.4.4.4 regedit -> HKEY_local_machine -> system -> service -> MySQL 删除 1.4.4.5 测试: show databases : 1.4.4.6 查看版本 select version(): 1.5 SQLyog管理工具 1.3.1 可手动操作、管理MYSQL数据库的软件工具 1.3.2 MYSQL | localhost root *** 3306 连接 1.3.3 User Manager -> 编辑用户 1.3.4 用户名:yunjian 注册码:81f43d3dd20872b6 1.6 sql常用代码: DESC tabledemo; --查看表结构; CREATE TABLE tabledemo2( stu_uid VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '学生ID', stu_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '学生名称', stu_Birthday DATE DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学生生日', PRIMARY KEY(stu_uid) )ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_Format=COMPACT COMMENT='学生类'; --新建一个tabledemo2的表;必须先build至少一个column; DESC tabledemo2; ALTER TABLE tabledemo rename TO tableNew; --重命名一个表; TRUNCATE tableNew; --清空表数据,保留表结构; DROP TABLE tabledemo2; --删除一个表; INSERT INTO tabledemo(stu_id, stu_name, stu_age, stu_favorite) VALUES ('3', 'lisi', 123, 'playgames'); SELECT * FROM tabledemo; --查看表中详细信息; ALTER table tabledemo ADD( stu_love VARCHAR(255) NULL COMMENT '学生配偶' ); Alter TABLE tabledemo MODIFY stu_love VARCHAR(512) NULL; --修改列定义; ALTER TABLE tabledemo CHANGE stu_love stu_hobby VARCHAR(512) NULL; --修改列名; ALTER TABLE tabledemo DROP stu_hobby; --删除列; INSERT INTO tabledemo(stu_id, stu_name, stu_age, stu_favorite) VALUES ('4', 'jenney', 22, 'apple'); INSERT INTO `tabledemo` VALUES('5', 'jie', 23, 'samung'); INSERT INTO tabledemo(stu_name) (SELECT stu_sname FROM student where stu_id=4); UPDATE tabledemo SET stu_name='郭靖' where stu_id='2'; DELETE from tabledemo where stu_name='lisi';--删除where条件的行 SELECT stu_name,stu_id from tabledemo; --多列查询; SELECT DISTINCT stu_id from tabledemo; --行排重,重复名称只显示一条; SELECT stu_id,stu_name from tabledemo ORDER BY stu_age,stu_id DESC; --多列排序; SELECT * from tabledemo LIMIT 2,3; --分页查询; SELECT * from tabledemo WHERE stu_id BETWEEN '2' and '3'; --WHERE条件查询; SELECT * FROM tabledemo WHERE stu_id in(1,2,3); --where in 语句的查询; ==========================================进阶=========================================== show DATABASES; use test1; SELECT * FROM tabledemo; SELECT * FROM tabledemo WHERE stu_name LIKE '%e'; --%表示任意字符出现任意次; SELECT stu_favorite FROM tabledemo WHERE stu_name LIKE '%i_'; --_表示匹配任意单个字符; SELECT s.stu_name 姓名 FROM tabledemo as s WHERE s.stu_id='2'; --as 给表或字段设置别名,as可以缺省; SELECT CONCAT(stu_id,stu_name) FROM tabledemo; --用CONCAT将stu_id 和 stu_name 合并到一起; SELECT SUM(stu_age) FROM tabledemo; --求tableDemo表中stu_age的和; SELECT COUNT(stu_age) FROM tabledemo WHERE stu_id=2; --COUNT(expr)用于对stu_age进行计数; SELECT AVG(stu_age) FROM tabledemo; --取平均值,最大值,最小值; ALTER table tabledemo ADD(stu_comment VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL); SELECT IFNULL(stu_age, 0) FROM tabledemo; CREATE table tabletoday( tabletoday_id INT not null PRIMARY KEY auto_increment, tabletoday_name VARCHAR(15) UNIQUE NOT NULL, tabletoday_teacher VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'dabai' )ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=UTF8 ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT COMMENT='跟天'; DROP TABLE tabletoday1; SELECT * FROM tableDemo; SELECT stu_id FROM tabledemo GROUP BY stu_id; --group by 分组,其中相同的取第一个匹配的,其余的不管; SELECT stu_id,COUNT(stu_name) FROM tabledemo where stu_age>20 GROUP BY stu_id; --通过stu_id 分组,并且查询std_id和count; SELECT stu_class 班级ID,COUNT(stu_class) 班级人数 FROM tabledemo GROUP BY stu_class HAVING COUNT(stu_class)>2 ; --分组的情况下,使用having对人数的判断条件,where此时不奏效; SELECT stu_id,stu_name,stu_age,stu_class FROM tabledemo UNION all SELECT tabletoday_id, tabletoday_name, tabletoday_teacher, tabletoday_class FROM tabletoday; --union代表联合两个表并去重,加上all后,保留所有结果 SELECT * from tabledemo, tabletoday; //隐式的交叉连接,得到的是笛卡尔积 SELECT * from tabledemo cross JOIN tabletoday where stu_class=tabletoday_class; --用班级号相等这个条件将两个表联系起来,避免重复的数据 SELECT * FROM tabledemo t1 INNER JOIN tabletoday t2 on t1.stu_class = t2.tabletoday_class; SELECT * FROM tabledemo t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN tabletoday t2 on t1.stu_class = t2.tabletoday_class; SELECT * FROM tabledemo t1 RIGHT OUTER JOIN tabletoday t2 on t1.stu_class = t2.tabletoday_class; SELECT * FROM tabledemo t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN tabletoday t2 on t1.stu_class = t2.tabletoday_class Union SELECT * FROM tabledemo t1 RIGHT OUTER JOIN tabletoday t2 on t1.stu_class = t2.tabletoday_class; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SELECT * from tablenew; SELECT * from tableold; --创建视图-- CREATE VIEW table_view AS SELECT id, table_name, table_other, table_id,COUNT(*) as CountNum FROM tablenew n GROUP BY table_id; --调用视图-- SELECT table_id FROM table_view WHERE CountNum > 1; --查看引擎-- show engines; --查看MYSQL当前默认的引擎-- show variables like '%storage_engine%'; --查看某个表当前用的引擎-- show CREATE TABLE tablenew; --事务的四大属性:ACID(Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability)-- --MyISAM不支持事务,InnoDB支持事务; --设置提交状态 SET AUTOCOMMIT = FALSE; OR SET autocommit = 0; AUTOCOMMIT = TRUE; --关闭提交状态 --显示执行-- start TRANSACTION BEGIN --提交一个事务 COMMIT DLL(自动提交) --回滚 ROLLBACK 用户回话正常结束 异常终止 --设置和查看事物级别 SELECT @@tx_isolation; --查看当前回话隔离级别 SELECT @@global.tx_isolation; --查看系统当前隔离级别 --事物隔离级别名字: READ UNCOMMITTED读未提交, READ COMMITTED读已提交, REPEATABLE READ可重复读, SERIALIZABLE可串行化 --脏读(A事务读到B事务尚未提交的修改(update,delete和insert)) -> 不可重复读(同一事务两次读到了不同的数据(select)) -- -> 幻读 ()由于其他事务的插入或删除操作,倒置两次读取不一样 SET transction ISOLATION LEVEL 事务隔离级别名字 下一次事务隔离级别 SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL 设置当前回话隔离级别 SET GLOBAL TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL 设置系统当前隔离级别 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SELECT * from tablenew; SELECT * from tableold; --查询一班女生的所有信息 SELECT s.* FROM (SELECT * FROM tablenew, tableold WHERE old_classid = table_id) s WHERE s.table_other = '江苏' AND s.table_id = 2; --查询表里面成绩最高分的同学信息-- SELECT * FROM tablenew WHERE table_score = (SELECT MAX(table_score) FROM tablenew); --查询出成绩高于平均分的成绩的同学信息 SELECT * from tablenew WHERE table_score > (SELECT AVG(table_score) FROM tablenew); --查询班级为一班的男生同学的所有信息 SELECT s.* FROM (SELECT * FROM tablenew,tableold WHERE tablenew.table_id = tableold.old_classid) s WHERE s.table_id = 1; --创建视图 CREATE VIEW table_view_one AS SELECT * FROM tablenew,tableold WHERE tablenew.table_id = tableold.old_classid; --使用视图 SELECT table_other,COUNT(table_other) FROM table_view_one GROUP BY table_other HAVING COUNT(*) > 1; --创建一个班级分组后的视图 CREATE VIEW table_view_two AS SELECT * FROM tablenew,tableold WHERE tablenew.table_id = tableold.old_classid GROUP BY table_id; --查询一个班级人数大于1的班级有哪些 SELECT table_id FROM table_view_two WHERE (SELECT COUNT(table_id) FROM table_view_two) > 1; SELECT * FROM tablenew; SELECT * FROM tableold; --修改表中的值 UPDATE tablenew SET table_score = 88 WHERE table_id = 7; --修改表中的值 UPDATE tablenew SET table_score = table_score + 30 WHERE id = 2; UPDATE tablenew SET table_score = table_score + 10 WHERE id = 1; --开启事务 SET autocommit = false; //关闭自动提交 set autocommit = true ; //开启自动提交 SELECT table_score from tablenew WHERE table_score > 80; UPDATE tablenew SET table_score = table_score + 10 WHERE table_score < 60; START TRANSACTION; --开启事务,或者 BEGIN; COMMIT; --提交 ALTER TABLE tablenew DROP table_other; INSERT INTO tablenew VALUES('kk', 'll'); ROLLBACK; --回滚 ========================================高阶============================================= import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; import java.util.Properties; /** * JDBC demo * */ public class JDBCDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //注册驱动 // DriverManager.registerDriver(new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver()); //加载驱动的方式 Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); Properties info = new Properties(); info.setProperty("user", "root"); info.setProperty("password", "gdadmin"); //建立连接 Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tablenew", info); // Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tablenew", "root", "gdadmin"); // Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tablenew?user=root&password=gdadmin"); //获得执行sql语句的对象 Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(); //执行sql,获得结果集 String sql = "select stu_id, stu_name from tablenew"; //执行了sql,并且得到了结果集 ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql); //处理结果集 while(rs.next()){ System.out.println(rs.getObject(1)+"\t"); System.out.println(rs.getObject("table_score") + "\t"); } //关闭资源 rs.close(); //结果集 stmt.close(); //小货车 conn.close(); //桥梁 } } ========================================================================================= 第一部分:测试类 import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.Statement; import java.util.Scanner; public class JDBCTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("请输入登录用户名"); String name = sc.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入登录密码"); String password = sc.nextLine(); Statement st = DButil.getstsm(); String sql = "SELECT table_score from tablenew WHERE table_score > 80;"; ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql); if(rs.next()){ System.out.println("尊敬的vip,欢迎您的加入!!"); }else{ System.out.println("游客禁入!!!"); } } } 第二部分:方法类 import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.Statement; /** * DButil.java * */ public class DButil { //封装一个静态方法,用来启动连接sql数据库 public static Statement getstsm() throws Exception{ Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");//加载驱动 //获取连接 Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1", "root", "gdadmin"); //返回连接结果表达式 return conn.createStatement(); } }
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