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本文主要给大家介绍Mysql 全量备份、binlog如何恢复数据,希望可以给大家补充和更新些知识,如有其它问题需要了解的可以持续在亿速云行业资讯里面关注我的更新文章的。
某天工作时间,一个二货犯晕登错生产当测试环境了,直接drop了一个数据库,需要紧急恢复!可利用备份的数据文件以及增量的 binlog 文件进行数据恢复。
具体思路归纳几点:
1、恢复条件为 MySQL 要开启 binlog 日志功能,并且要全备和增量的所有数据。
2、恢复时建议对外停止更新,即禁止更新数据库。(这点很重要)
3、先恢复全量,然后把全备时刻点以后的增量日志,按顺序恢复成 SQL 文件,
4、然后把文件中有问题的SQL语句删除(也可通过时间和位置点),再恢复到数据库。
具体实例演示:
1、首先要确保MySQL开启了binlog日志功能,检查如下结果
mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%'; +---------------------------------+-----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+-----------------------------+ | log_bin | ON | | log_bin_basename | /mysql_data/mysql-bin | | log_bin_index | /mysql_data/mysql-bin.index | | log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF | | log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF | | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------------------------+-----------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
2、查看当前测试表里面数据信息后面好做对比
mysql> select * from Student; +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ | Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ | 200215121 | 李勇 | 男 | 20 | CS | | 200215122 | 刘晨 | 女 | 19 | CS | | 200215123 | 王敏 | 女 | 18 | MA | | 200215125 | 张立 | 女 | 19 | IS | | 200215126 | 虎威 | 男 | 25 | CS | | 200215127 | 魏大师 | 男 | 35 | IS | | 200215128 | 老谢 | 男 | 33 | MA | | 200215129 | 小贾 | 男 | 30 | CS | | 200215130 | 会民 | 男 | 23 | CS | | 200215131 | 陈兴 | 男 | 33 | MA | | 200215132 | 阿帆 | 男 | 36 | IS | | 200215133 | 国良 | 男 | 40 | IS | | 200215134 | 老宋 | 男 | 40 | IS | | 200215135 | 光光 | 男 | 35 | IS | | 200215136 | 王老板 | 女 | 27 | IS | +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ 15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、现在进行全备份
mysqldump -u root -p -B -F -R -x student|gzip > /mysql_backup/student_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).sql.gz 参数说明: -B:指定数据库 -F:刷新日志 -R:备份存储过程等 -x:锁表
4、再次插入新数据
INSERT INTO Student VALUES ('200215137','程程','女',30,'IS'); INSERT INTO Student VALUES ('200215138','琪琪','男',29,'MA'); INSERT INTO Student VALUES ('200215139','龙龙','男',27,'IS');
5、检查是否插入成功,如下可以看出已经插入成功
mysql> select * from Student; +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ | Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ | 200215121 | 李勇 | 男 | 20 | CS | | 200215122 | 刘晨 | 女 | 19 | CS | | 200215123 | 王敏 | 女 | 18 | MA | | 200215125 | 张立 | 女 | 19 | IS | | 200215126 | 虎威 | 男 | 25 | CS | | 200215127 | 魏大师 | 男 | 35 | IS | | 200215128 | 老谢 | 男 | 33 | MA | | 200215129 | 小贾 | 男 | 30 | CS | | 200215130 | 会民 | 男 | 23 | CS | | 200215131 | 陈兴 | 男 | 33 | MA | | 200215132 | 阿帆 | 男 | 36 | IS | | 200215133 | 国良 | 男 | 40 | IS | | 200215134 | 老宋 | 男 | 40 | IS | | 200215135 | 光光 | 男 | 35 | IS | | 200215136 | 王老板 | 女 | 27 | IS | | 200215137 | 程程 | 女 | 30 | IS | | 200215138 | 琪琪 | 男 | 29 | MA | | 200215139 | 龙龙 | 男 | 27 | IS | +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ 18 rows in set (0.00 sec)
6.此时误操作,删除了student数据库
mysql> drop database student; Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.11 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
7.查看全备之后备份文件
[root@ocbsdb01 mysql_backup]# cd /mysql_backup [root@ocbsdb01 mysql_backup]# gzip -d student_20170829_090319.sql.gz [root@ocbsdb01 mysql_backup]# ls student_20170829_090319.sql [root@ocbsdb01 mysql_backup]# vim student_20170829_090319.sql
8.检查并移动binlog文件,并导出为 SQL 文件剔除其中的 drop 语句,查看 MySQL 的数据存放目录,
由下面可知是在/mysql_data下,将 binlog 文件导出SQL文件,并vim编辑它删除其中的 drop 语句。
/home/mysql/mysql5/bin/mysqlbinlog --no-defaults /tmp/mysql-bin.000004 > /tmp/04.sql
注意:在恢复全备数据之前必须将该 binlog文件移出,否则恢复过程中,会继续写入语句到 binlog,最终导致增量恢复数据部分变得比较混乱。
在转换sql的时候可能会报错,具体信息如下:
[root@ocbsdb01 tmp]# /home/mysql/mysql5/bin/mysqlbinlog /tmp/mysql-bin.000004 > /tmp/04.sql
mysqlbinlog: [ERROR] unknown variable 'default-character-set=utf8'
原因是mysqlbinlog这个工具无法识别binlog中的配置中的default-character-set=utf8这个指令。
两个方法可以解决这个问题
在MySQL的配置/etc/my.cnf中将default-character-set=utf8 修改为 character-set-server = utf8,但是这需要重启MySQL服务,如果你的MySQL服务正在忙,那这样的代价会比较大。
用mysqlbinlog --no-defaults mysql-bin.000004 命令打开
9、开始恢复全备数据
[root@ocbsdb01 tmp]# mysql -u root -p < /mysql_backup/student_20170829_090319.sql Enter password:
查看数据看看,student在不在,可以看到已经在了
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | student | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
11、开始恢复增量数据
使用04.sql文件恢复全备时刻到删除数据库之间新增的数据,编辑04bin.sql #删除里面的drop语句
[root@ocbsdb01 tmp]# vim 04.sql
将drop 操作下面的内容删除 drop database student /*!*/; SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/; DELIMITER ; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
不然会报如下错误:
ERROR 1790 (HY000) at line 96: @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT cannot be changed by a client that owns a GTID.
The client owns ANONYMOUS. Ownership is released on COMMIT or ROLLBACK.
我的binlog文件具体内容如下:
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #170829 9:03:22 server id 201609 end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x669b3a18 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.18-log created 170829 9:03:22 # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. BINLOG ' Wr2kWQ+JEwMAdwAAAHsAAAABAAQANS43LjE4LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA ARg6m2Y= '/*!*/; # at 123 #170829 9:03:22 server id 201609 end_log_pos 154 CRC32 0xf909764e Previous-GTIDs # [empty] # at 154 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 219 CRC32 0x754f68f2 Anonymous_GTIDlast_committed=0sequence_number=1 SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/; # at 219 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 294 CRC32 0xdef39415 Querythread_id=7exec_time=0error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1503968682/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=7/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/; SET @@session.sql_mode=1344274432/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!\C utf8 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 294 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 359 CRC32 0xad757652 Table_map: `student`.`Student` mapped to number 225 # at 359 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 421 CRC32 0x5da9edf3 Write_rows: table id 225 flags: STMT_END_F BINLOG ' qr2kWROJEwMAQQAAAGcBAAAAAOEAAAAAAAEAB3N0dWRlbnQAB1N0dWRlbnQABf7+/gL+CP4h/jz+ Bv48HlJ2da0= qr2kWR6JEwMAPgAAAKUBAAAAAOEAAAAAAAEAAgAF/+AJMjAwMjE1MTM3Bueoi+eoiwPlpbMeAAJJ U/PtqV0= '/*!*/; # at 421 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 452 CRC32 0xfcd87186 Xid = 168 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 452 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 517 CRC32 0xe47a26ba Anonymous_GTIDlast_committed=1sequence_number=2 SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/; # at 517 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 592 CRC32 0x0d3e44d1 Querythread_id=7exec_time=0error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1503968682/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 592 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 657 CRC32 0x98d94728 Table_map: `student`.`Student` mapped to number 225 # at 657 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 719 CRC32 0x32c7750e Write_rows: table id 225 flags: STMT_END_F BINLOG ' qr2kWROJEwMAQQAAAJECAAAAAOEAAAAAAAEAB3N0dWRlbnQAB1N0dWRlbnQABf7+/gL+CP4h/jz+ Bv48HihH2Zg= qr2kWR6JEwMAPgAAAM8CAAAAAOEAAAAAAAEAAgAF/+AJMjAwMjE1MTM4BueQqueQqgPnlLcdAAJN QQ51xzI= '/*!*/; # at 719 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 750 CRC32 0x92ebbf95 Xid = 169 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 750 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 815 CRC32 0xfe05a22e Anonymous_GTIDlast_committed=2sequence_number=3 SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/; # at 815 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 890 CRC32 0x551c26a4 Querythread_id=7exec_time=0error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1503968682/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 890 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 955 CRC32 0x67c477d0 Table_map: `student`.`Student` mapped to number 225 # at 955 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 1017 CRC32 0x5d3f2503 Write_rows: table id 225 flags: STMT_END_F BINLOG ' qr2kWROJEwMAQQAAALsDAAAAAOEAAAAAAAEAB3N0dWRlbnQAB1N0dWRlbnQABf7+/gL+CP4h/jz+ Bv48HtB3xGc= qr2kWR6JEwMAPgAAAPkDAAAAAOEAAAAAAAEAAgAF/+AJMjAwMjE1MTM5Bum+mem+mQPnlLcbAAJJ UwMlP10= '/*!*/; # at 1017 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 1048 CRC32 0x2d5f70ba Xid = 170 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 1048 #170829 9:06:30 server id 201609 end_log_pos 1113 CRC32 0xb8cdf9b6 Anonymous_GTIDlast_committed=3sequence_number=4 SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/; # at 1113 #170829 9:06:30 server id 201609 end_log_pos 1214 CRC32 0x69d17a84 Querythread_id=7exec_time=0error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1503968790/*!*/; drop database student /*!*/; SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/; DELIMITER ; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
调整好后开始恢复增量数据
[root@ocbsdb01 tmp]# mysql -u root -p < 04.sql
Enter password:
再次查看数据库,发现全备份到删除数据库之间的那三条数据也恢复了!!
mysql> select * from Student; +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ | Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ | 200215121 | 李勇 | 男 | 20 | CS | | 200215122 | 刘晨 | 女 | 19 | CS | | 200215123 | 王敏 | 女 | 18 | MA | | 200215125 | 张立 | 女 | 19 | IS | | 200215126 | 虎威 | 男 | 25 | CS | | 200215127 | 魏大师 | 男 | 35 | IS | | 200215128 | 老谢 | 男 | 33 | MA | | 200215129 | 小贾 | 男 | 30 | CS | | 200215130 | 会民 | 男 | 23 | CS | | 200215131 | 陈兴 | 男 | 33 | MA | | 200215132 | 阿帆 | 男 | 36 | IS | | 200215133 | 国良 | 男 | 40 | IS | | 200215134 | 老宋 | 男 | 40 | IS | | 200215135 | 光光 | 男 | 35 | IS | | 200215136 | 王老板 | 女 | 27 | IS | | 200215137 | 程程 | 女 | 30 | IS | | 200215138 | 琪琪 | 男 | 29 | MA | | 200215139 | 龙龙 | 男 | 27 | IS | +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ 18 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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