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Springboot2XConsul中怎么利用RestTemplate实现服务调用,针对这个问题,这篇文章详细介绍了相对应的分析和解答,希望可以帮助更多想解决这个问题的小伙伴找到更简单易行的方法。
服务调用有两种方式:
A.使用RestTemplate 进行服务调用
负载均衡——通过Ribbon注解RestTemplate
B.使用Feign 进行声明式服务调用
负载均衡——默认使用Ribbon实现
先使用RestTemplate来实现
1.服务注册发现中心
启动Consul
consul agent -dev
2.服务端
在spring boot2X整合Consul 的基础上
添加服务provider,provider1
provider测试方法
package com.xyz.provider.controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestControllerpublic class demoController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String Hello(){ return "hello,provider"; }}
provider1测试方法
package com.xyz.provider1.controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestControllerpublic class demoController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String Hello(){ return "hello,another provider"; }}
启动provider和provider1
浏览器访问http://localhost:8500
有两个服务提供者节点实例
3.客户端
(1)添加依赖
<properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR4</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId> </dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies></dependencyManagement>
(2)添加配置
server.port=8015spring.application.name=xyz-comsumerspring.cloud.consul.host=localhostspring.cloud.consul.port=8500spring.cloud.consul.discovery.register=falsespring.cloud.consul.discovery.health-check-url=/actuator/healthspring.cloud.consul.discovery.heartbeat.enabled=truemanagement.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*management.endpoint.health.show-details=always
(3)测试方法
获取所有注册的服务,从注册的服务中选取一个,服务调用
package com.xyz.comsumer.controller;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@RestControllerpublic class HelloController { @Autowired private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancer; @Autowired private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient; private String serviceName = "service-provider"; @RequestMapping("/services") public Object services() { return discoveryClient.getInstances(serviceName); } @RequestMapping("/discover") public Object discover() { return loadBalancer.choose(serviceName).getUri().toString(); } @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello() { ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancer.choose(serviceName); String callServiceResult = new RestTemplate().getForObject(serviceInstance.getUri().toString() + "/hello", String.class); return callServiceResult; }}
注:
客户端调用的服务名,是在服务端指定的,在服务端配置里使用 spring.cloud.consul.discovery.service-name指注册到 Consul 的服务名称
测试
启动Consul
启动provider和provider1
启动comsumer
测试地址 http://localhost:8015/services
返回结果
[ { "instanceId": "provider-8010", "serviceId": "service-provider", "host": "hkgi-PC", "port": 8010, "secure": false, "metadata": { "secure": "false" }, "uri": "http://hkgi-PC:8010", "scheme": null }, { "instanceId": "provider-8011", "serviceId": "service-provider", "host": "hkgi-PC", "port": 8011, "secure": false, "metadata": { "secure": "false" }, "uri": "http://hkgi-PC:8011", "scheme": null }]
测试地址 http://localhost:8015/discover
返回结果
http://hkgi-PC:8011 或 http://hkgi-PC:8011 测试地址 http://localhost:8015/hello 返回结果 hello,provider 或 hello,another provider
注:
结果交替出现的,这是因为负载均衡器是采用的是轮询的方式
说明:
调用的过程:
A.通过LoadBalancerClient查询服务
B.通过RestTemplate调用远程服务
Ribbon负载均衡策略
BestAvailableRule AvailabilityFilteringRule WeightedResponseTimeRule RetryRule RoundRobinRule RandomRule ZoneAvoidanceRule
自定义Ribbon负载均衡——使用随机访问策略
修改启动类
package com.xyz.comsumer;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class ComsumerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ComsumerApplication.class, args); } @Bean @LoadBalanced public RestTemplate restTemplate(){ return new RestTemplate(); }}
服务调用
package com.xyz.comsumer.controller;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@RestControllerpublic class RibbonHelloController { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; private String serviceName = "service-provider"; @RequestMapping("/ribbon/hello") public String hello() { String callServiceResult = restTemplate.getForObject("http://"+serviceName+"/hello", String.class); return callServiceResult; }}
配置添加
service-provider.ribbon.NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName=com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule
重新启动 comsumer
测试地址 http://localhost:8015/ribbon/hello
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