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一、zabbix简介与环境准备
简介详见 ---> zabbix简介
环境准备： CentOS 7（node7）：zabbix-server，web，mysql，agent
mariadb：5.5.50
zabbix组件：3.2.1
apache：2.4.6
二、安装与配置
1、安装数据库（mariadb），可直接yum安装
[root@node7 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.0/centos7-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1 [root@node7 ~]# yum -y install MariaDB-client MariaDB-server MariaDB-devel
2、配置数据库
2.1 配置数据库配置文件
[root@node7 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf innodb_file_per_table = 1 skip_name_resolve = 1
2.2 创建zabbix库并授权普通用户远程访问
[root@node7 ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@node7 ~]# mysql -e "grant all on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root';" [root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -proot Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 18 Server version: 5.5.50-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.43 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost identified by 'zabbix'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on zabbix.* to zabbix@192.168.1.20 identified by 'zabbix'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> \q Bye
3、安装zabbix
3.1 创建zabbix用户与组(普通用户）
[root@node7 ~]# groupadd zabbix [root@node7 ~]# useradd -g zabbix zabbix
3.2 使用yum方式安装zabbix
[root@node7 ~]# rpm -ivh [root@node7 ~]# yum clean all [root@node7 ~]# yum makecache [root@node7 ~]# yum install zabbix zabbix-server zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web zabbix-agent zabbix-sender zabbix-get zabbix-web-mysql
3.3 将zabbix数据导入数据库
[root@node7 ~]# zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.1/create.sql | mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix
3.4 查看导入数据，并测试zabbix用户远程登录
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 21 Server version: 5.5.50-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | test | | zabbix | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> use zabbix Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed MariaDB [zabbix]> show tables; 127 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [zabbix]> \q Bye
3.5 配置zabbix-server
[root@node7 ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf ##日志文件 LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log ##定义日志文件大小，到达上限即开始滚动 LogFileSize=0 ##Pid文件 PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid ##数据库地址 DBHost=localhost,192.168.1.20,127.0.0.1, ##数据库名 DBName=zabbix ##zabbix登录数据库所用用户名 DBUser=zabbix ##登录数据库的密码 DBPassword=zabbix ##mysql.sock文件路径 # DBSocket=/tmp/mysql.sock 此处路径为编译安装时路径 DBSocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock ##数据库监听的端口 # DBPort=3306
3.6 zabbix-server高级配置详解
1、server端拉取agent端的items，开启的空闲数默认为5
### Option: StartPollers
# Number of pre-forked instances of pollers.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartPollers=5
2、硬件级别的监控，默认启动空闲为0
### Option: StartIPMIPollers
# Number of pre-forked instances of IPMI pollers.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartIPMIPollers=0
3、对不可达主机拉取数据
### Option: StartPollersUnreachable
# are started.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartPollersUnreachable=1
4、陷阱机制，即对于中途加入的主机主动发送的数据进行保存，陷阱池默认为5个
### Option: StartTrappers
# Number of pre-forked instances of trappers.
# in the frontend.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartTrappers=5
5、使用ICMP协议的ping对网络中主机进行在线状态检测
### Option: StartPingers
# Number of pre-forked instances of ICMP pingers.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartPingers=1
6、对网络中的主机ping主动扫描发现，对中途加入的主机进行上线。注意：主动发现很消耗带宽
### Option: StartDiscoverers
# Number of pre-forked instances of discoverers.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-250
# Default:
# StartDiscoverers=1
7、使用http协议请求网页资源，探测主机web服务是否正常
### Option: StartHTTPPollers
# Number of pre-forked instances of HTTP pollers.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartHTTPPollers=1
8、对时序有关的监控项计时
### Option: StartTimers
# Number of pre-forked instances of timers.
# Timers process time-based trigger functions and maintenance periods.
# Only the first timer process handles the maintenance periods.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-1000
# Default:
# StartTimers=1
9、
### Option: StartEscalators
# Number of pre-forked instances of escalators.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-100
# Default:
# StartEscalators=1
10、监控java虚拟机
### Option: JavaGateway
# IP address (or hostname) of Zabbix Java gateway.
# Only required if Java pollers are started.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# JavaGateway=
11、监控java开启的端口
### Option: JavaGatewayPort
# Port that Zabbix Java gateway listens on.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1024-32767
# Default:
# JavaGatewayPort=10052
12、server端拉取jdk的数据
### Option: StartJavaPollers
# Number of pre-forked instances of Java pollers.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartJavaPollers=0
13、监控VMware虚拟机的各项参数
### Option: StartVMwareCollectors
# Number of pre-forked vmware collector instances.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-250
# Default:
# StartVMwareCollectors=0
14、监控VMware虚拟机的频率，默认60秒
### Option: VMwareFrequency
# How often Zabbix will connect to VMware service to obtain a new data.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 10-86400
# Default:
# VMwareFrequency=60
15、监控VMware的服务
### Option: VMwarePerfFrequency
# How often Zabbix will connect to VMware service to obtain performance data.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 10-86400
# Default:
# VMwarePerfFrequency=60
16、监控VMware的内存使用
### Option: VMwareCacheSize
# Size of VMware cache, in bytes.
# Shared memory size for storing VMware data.
# Only used if VMware collectors are started.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 256K-2G
# Default:
# VMwareCacheSize=8M
17、VMware的超时时间
### Option: VMwareTimeout
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-300
# Default:
# VMwareTimeout=10
18、SNMP日志文件路径
### Option: SNMPTrapperFile
# Temporary file used for passing data from SNMP trap daemon to the server.
# Must be the same as in zabbix_trap_receiver.pl or SNMPTT configuration file.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SNMPTrapperFile=/tmp/zabbix_traps.tmp
SNMPTrapperFile=/var/log/snmptrap/snmptrap.log
19、SNMP协议的陷阱机制，同上
### Option: StartSNMPTrapper
# If 1, SNMP trapper process is started.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1
# Default:
# StartSNMPTrapper=0
20、SNMP监听地址
### Option: ListenIP
# List of comma delimited IP addresses that the trapper should listen on.
# Trapper will listen on all network interfaces if this parameter is missing.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# ListenIP=0.0.0.0
# ListenIP=127.0.0.1
21、从数据库中移除过期数据
### Option: HousekeepingFrequency
# How often Zabbix will perform housekeeping procedure (in hours).
# Housekeeping is removing outdated information from the database.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-24
# Default:
# HousekeepingFrequency=1
22、将上一项中的每一项任务删除
### Option: MaxHousekeeperDelete
# [housekeeperid], [tablename], [field], [value].
# will be deleted per one task in one housekeeping cycle.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000000
# Default:
# MaxHousekeeperDelete=5000
23、对尚未发送的报警信息30秒重发送一次
### Option: SenderFrequency
# How often Zabbix will try to send unsent alerts (in seconds).
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 5-3600
# Default:
# SenderFrequency=30
24、配置缓存大小
### Option: CacheSize
# Size of configuration cache, in bytes.
# Shared memory size for storing host, item and trigger data.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-8G
# Default:
# CacheSize=8M
25、缓存刷新时间
### Option: CacheUpdateFrequency
# How often Zabbix will perform update of configuration cache, in seconds.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# CacheUpdateFrequency=60
26、数据库同步实例数
### Option: StartDBSyncers
# Number of pre-forked instances of DB Syncers.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-100
# Default:
# StartDBSyncers=4
27、定义缓存的历史数据大小
### Option: HistoryCacheSize
# Size of history cache, in bytes.
# Shared memory size for storing history data.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-2G
# Default:
# HistoryCacheSize=16M
28、历史表单的缓存数据大小
### Option: HistoryIndexCacheSize
# Size of history index cache, in bytes.
# Shared memory size for indexing history cache.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-2G
# Default:
# HistoryIndexCacheSize=4M
29、趋势数据缓存大小
### Option: TrendCacheSize
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-2G
# Default:
# TrendCacheSize=4M
30、用于缓存历史数据的大小，0为禁用
### Option: ValueCacheSize
# Size of history value cache, in bytes.
# Shared memory size for caching item history data requests.
# Setting to 0 disables value cache.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0,128K-64G
# Default:
# ValueCacheSize=8M
31、定义超时时间
### Option: Timeout
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-30
# Default:
# Timeout=3
Timeout=4
32、陷阱机制的超时时间
### Option: TrapperTimeout
# Specifies how many seconds trapper may spend processing new data.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-300
# Default:
# TrapperTimeout=300
33、定义主机不可达的超时时间
### Option: UnreachablePeriod
# After how many seconds of unreachability treat a host as unavailable.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# UnreachablePeriod=45
34、在主机不可用期间，定期检查主机的时间
### Option: UnavailableDelay
# How often host is checked for availability during the unavailability period, in seconds.
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# UnavailableDelay=60
35、在主机被监控期间检查的时间
### Option: UnreachableDelay
# How often host is checked for availability during the unreachability period, in seconds.
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# UnreachableDelay=15
36、自定义报警脚本的路径，默认值取决于编译选项
### Option: AlertScriptsPath
# Full path to location of custom alert scripts.
# Default depends on compilation options.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# AlertScriptsPath=${datadir}/zabbix/alertscripts
AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts
37、外部脚本的路径，默认值取决于编译选项
### Option: ExternalScripts
# Full path to location of external scripts.
# Default depends on compilation options.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# ExternalScripts=${datadir}/zabbix/externalscripts
ExternalScripts=/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts
38、执行ping检查时fping命令路径，fping可并行执行
### Option: FpingLocation
# Location of fping.
# Make sure that fping binary has root ownership and SUID flag set.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# FpingLocation=/usr/sbin/fping
39、V6
### Option: Fping6Location
# Location of fping6.
# Make sure that fping6 binary has root ownership and SUID flag set.
# Make empty if your fping utility is capable to process IPv6 addresses.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# Fping6Location=/usr/sbin/fping6
40、使用密钥为SSH登录认证
### Option: SSHKeyLocation
# Location of public and private keys for SSH checks and actions.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SSHKeyLocation=
41、数据库查询时间，0为不登录慢速查询
### Option: LogSlowQueries
# How long a database query may take before being logged (in milliseconds).
# Only works if DebugLevel set to 3, 4 or 5.
# 0 - don't log slow queries.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600000
# Default:
# LogSlowQueries=0
LogSlowQueries=3000
42、临时目录
### Option: TmpDir
# Temporary directory.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# TmpDir=/tmp
43、代理服务器拉取数据
### Option: StartProxyPollers
# Number of pre-forked instances of pollers for passive proxies.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-250
# Default:
# StartProxyPollers=1
44、用于被动模式的proxy，由sercer端发送配置信息
### Option: ProxyConfigFrequency
# How often Zabbix Server sends configuration data to a Zabbix Proxy in seconds.
# This parameter is used only for proxies in the passive mode.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600*24*7
# Default:
# ProxyConfigFrequency=3600
45、用于被动模式的proxy，由sercer端拉取数据
### Option: ProxyDataFrequency
# How often Zabbix Server requests history data from a Zabbix Proxy in seconds.
# This parameter is used only for proxies in the passive mode.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# ProxyDataFrequency=1
46、禁止root用户运行zabbix，0为禁止
### Option: AllowRoot
# Allow the server to run as 'root'. If disabled and the server is started by 'root', the server
# will try to switch to the user specified by the User configuration option instead.
# Has no effect if started under a regular user.
# 0 - do not allow
# 1 - allow
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# AllowRoot=0
47、禁止root用户后使用的普通用户
### Option: User
# Drop privileges to a specific, existing user on the system.
# Only has effect if run as 'root' and AllowRoot is disabled.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# User=zabbix
48、yum安装zabbix时创建的目录
### Option: Include
# You may include individual files or all files in a directory in the configuration file.
# Installing Zabbix will create include directory in /usr/local/etc, unless modified during the compile time.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# Include=
# Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.general.conf
# Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf.d/
# Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf.d/*.conf
49、web监测时所用SSL协议证书路径
### Option: SSLCertLocation
# Location of SSL client certificates.
# This parameter is used only in web monitoring.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SSLCertLocation=${datadir}/zabbix/ssl/certs
50、web监测时所用SSL协议密钥路径
### Option: SSLKeyLocation
# Location of private keys for SSL client certificates.
# This parameter is used only in web monitoring.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SSLKeyLocation=${datadir}/zabbix/ssl/keys
51、web监测或SMTP身份认证
### Option: SSLCALocation
# If not set, system-wide directory will be used.
# This parameter is used only in web monitoring and SMTP authentication.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SSLCALocation=
####### LOADABLE MODULES #######
52、模块路径
### Option: LoadModulePath
# Full path to location of server modules.
# Default depends on compilation options.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# LoadModulePath=${libdir}/modules
53、模块支持库的路径
### Option: LoadModule
# Format: LoadModule=<module.so>
# The modules must be located in directory specified by LoadModulePath.
# It is allowed to include multiple LoadModule parameters.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# LoadModule=
54、CA证书的路径
### Option: TLSCAFile
# Full pathname of a file containing the top-level CA(s) certificates for
# peer certificate verification.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# TLSCAFile=
55、吊销证书的路径
### Option: TLSCRLFile
# Full pathname of a file containing revoked certificates.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# TLSCRLFile=
56、服务器证书文件
### Option: TLSCertFile
# Full pathname of a file containing the server certificate or certificate chain.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# TLSCertFile=
57、服务器密钥文件
### Option: TLSKeyFile
# Full pathname of a file containing the server private key.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# TLSKeyFile=一般情况下，脚本路径可更改使用外，其余高级配置默认即可；如有需要，可自行更改配置。
3.7 启动zabbix-server
[root@node7 ~]# systemctl start zabbix-server
4、配置php，并启动httpd服务
[root@node7 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf php_value date.timezone Asia/Shanghai [root@node7 ~]# systemctl start httpd.service 此时确认iptanles规则放行或禁用，并关闭selinux
5、配置agent端，最少指出其server端地址，server端可配置多个
[root@node7 ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf Server=127.0.0.1,192.168.1.20
6、登录web界面http://192.168.1.20/zabbix，初始用户名密码admin/zabbix，看到如下界面，即配置成功
6.1 配置zabbix-web连接数据库
6.2 成功登录
如有错误，敬请指正。
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