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今天就跟大家聊聊有关如何正确的使用Spring Boot单体应用熔断技术,可能很多人都不太了解,为了让大家更加了解,小编给大家总结了以下内容,希望大家根据这篇文章可以有所收获。
阿里出品,Spring Cloud Alibaba限流组件,目前持续更新中
自带Dashboard,可以查看接口Qps等,并且可以动态修改各种规则
流量控制,直接限流、冷启动、排队
熔断降级,限制并发限制数和相应时间
系统负载保护,提供系统级别防护,限制总体CPU等
主要核心:资源,规则(流量控制规则、熔断降级规则、系统保护规则、来源访问控制规则 和 热点参数规则。),和指标
文档非常清晰和详细,中文
支持动态规则(推模式和拉模式)
Netflix出品,Spring Cloud Netflix限流组件,已经停止新特性开发,只进行bug修复,最近更新为2018年,功能稳定
有简单的dashboard页面
以隔离和熔断为主的容错机制,超时或被熔断的调用将会快速失败,并可以提供 fallback 机制的初代熔断框架,异常统计基于滑动窗口
是一款轻量、简单,并且文档非常清晰、丰富的熔断工具。是Hystrix替代品,实现思路和Hystrix一致,目前持续更新中
需要自己对micrometer、prometheus以及Dropwizard metrics进行整合
CircuitBreaker 熔断
Bulkhead 隔离
RateLimiter QPS限制
Retry 重试
TimeLimiter 超时限制
Cache 缓存
基于Guava的令牌桶,可以轻松实现对QPS进行限流

3.1.1、引入依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId> <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
3.1.2、改造接口或者service层
@SentinelResource(value = "allInfos",fallback = "errorReturn")
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
public @interface SentinelResource {
//资源名称
String value() default "";
//流量方向
EntryType entryType() default EntryType.OUT;
//资源类型
int resourceType() default 0;
//异常处理方法
String blockHandler() default "";
//异常处理类
Class<?>[] blockHandlerClass() default {};
//熔断方法
String fallback() default "";
//默认熔断方法
String defaultFallback() default "";
//熔断类
Class<?>[] fallbackClass() default {};
//统计异常
Class<? extends Throwable>[] exceptionsToTrace() default {Throwable.class};
//忽略异常
Class<? extends Throwable>[] exceptionsToIgnore() default {};
}@RequestMapping("/get")
@ResponseBody
@SentinelResource(value = "allInfos",fallback = "errorReturn")
public JsonResult allInfos(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @RequestParam Integer num){
try {
if (num % 2 == 0) {
log.info("num % 2 == 0");
throw new BaseException("something bad with 2", 400);
}
return JsonResult.ok();
} catch (ProgramException e) {
log.info("error");
return JsonResult.error("error");
}
}3.1.3、针对接口配置熔断方法或者限流方法
默认过滤拦截所有Controller接口
/**
* 限流,参数需要和方法保持一致
* @param request
* @param response
* @param num
* @return
* @throws BlockException
*/
public JsonResult errorReturn(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @RequestParam Integer num) throws BlockException {
return JsonResult.error("error 限流" + num );
}
/**
* 熔断,参数需要和方法保持一直,并且需要添加BlockException异常
* @param request
* @param response
* @param num
* @param b
* @return
* @throws BlockException
*/
public JsonResult errorReturn(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @RequestParam Integer num,BlockException b) throws BlockException {
return JsonResult.error("error 熔断" + num );
}注意也可以不配置限流或者熔断方法。通过全局异常去捕获UndeclaredThrowableException或者BlockException避免大量的开发量
3.1.4、接入dashboard
spring: cloud: sentinel: transport: port: 8719 dashboard: localhost:8080

3.1.5、规则持久化和动态更新
接入配置中心如:zookeeper等等,并对规则采用推模式
3.2.1、引入依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId> <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId> <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
3.2.2、改造接口
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "timeOutError")
@Target({ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface HystrixCommand {
String groupKey() default "";
String commandKey() default "";
String threadPoolKey() default "";
String fallbackMethod() default "";
HystrixProperty[] commandProperties() default {};
HystrixProperty[] threadPoolProperties() default {};
Class<? extends Throwable>[] ignoreExceptions() default {};
ObservableExecutionMode observableExecutionMode() default ObservableExecutionMode.EAGER;
HystrixException[] raiseHystrixExceptions() default {};
String defaultFallback() default "";
}@RequestMapping("/get")
@ResponseBody
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallbackMethod")
public JsonResult allInfos(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @RequestParam Integer num){
try {
if (num % 3 == 0) {
log.info("num % 3 == 0");
throw new BaseException("something bad whitch 3", 400);
}
return JsonResult.ok();
} catch (ProgramException | InterruptedException exception) {
log.info("error");
return JsonResult.error("error");
}
}3.2.3、针对接口配置熔断方法
/**
* 该方法是熔断回调方法,参数需要和接口保持一致
* @param request
* @param response
* @param num
* @return
*/
public JsonResult fallbackMethod(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @RequestParam Integer num) {
response.setStatus(500);
log.info("发生了熔断!!");
return JsonResult.error("熔断");
}3.2.4、配置默认策略
hystrix: command: default: execution: isolation: strategy: THREAD thread: # 线程超时15秒,调用Fallback方法 timeoutInMilliseconds: 15000 metrics: rollingStats: timeInMilliseconds: 15000 circuitBreaker: # 10秒内出现3个以上请求(已临近阀值),并且出错率在50%以上,开启断路器.断开服务,调用Fallback方法 requestVolumeThreshold: 3 sleepWindowInMilliseconds: 10000
3.2.5、接入监控


曲线:用来记录2分钟内流量的相对变化,我们可以通过它来观察到流量的上升和下降趋势。
集群监控需要用到注册中心
3.3.1、引入依赖
dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.resilience4j</groupId> <artifactId>resilience4j-spring-boot2</artifactId> <version>1.6.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.resilience4j</groupId> <artifactId>resilience4j-bulkhead</artifactId> <version>1.6.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.resilience4j</groupId> <artifactId>resilience4j-ratelimiter</artifactId> <version>1.6.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.resilience4j</groupId> <artifactId>resilience4j-timelimiter</artifactId> <version>1.6.1</version> </dependency>
可以按需要引入:bulkhead,ratelimiter,timelimiter等
3.3.2、改造接口
@RequestMapping("/get")
@ResponseBody
//@TimeLimiter(name = "BulkheadA",fallbackMethod = "fallbackMethod")
@CircuitBreaker(name = "BulkheadA",fallbackMethod = "fallbackMethod")
@Bulkhead(name = "BulkheadA",fallbackMethod = "fallbackMethod")
public JsonResult allInfos(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @RequestParam Integer num){
log.info("param----->" + num);
try {
//Thread.sleep(num);
if (num % 2 == 0) {
log.info("num % 2 == 0");
throw new BaseException("something bad with 2", 400);
}
if (num % 3 == 0) {
log.info("num % 3 == 0");
throw new BaseException("something bad whitch 3", 400);
}
if (num % 5 == 0) {
log.info("num % 5 == 0");
throw new ProgramException("something bad whitch 5", 400);
}
if (num % 7 == 0) {
log.info("num % 7 == 0");
int res = 1 / 0;
}
return JsonResult.ok();
} catch (BufferUnderflowException e) {
log.info("error");
return JsonResult.error("error");
}
}3.3.3、针对接口配置熔断方法
/**
* 需要参数一致,并且加上相应异常
* @param request
* @param response
* @param num
* @param exception
* @return
*/
public JsonResult fallbackMethod(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @RequestParam Integer num, BulkheadFullException exception) {
return JsonResult.error("error 熔断" + num );
}3.3.4、配置规则
resilience4j.circuitbreaker: instances: backendA: registerHealthIndicator: true slidingWindowSize: 100 backendB: registerHealthIndicator: true slidingWindowSize: 10 permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState: 3 slidingWindowType: TIME_BASED minimumNumberOfCalls: 20 waitDurationInOpenState: 50s failureRateThreshold: 50 eventConsumerBufferSize: 10 recordFailurePredicate: io.github.robwin.exception.RecordFailurePredicate resilience4j.retry: instances: backendA: maxRetryAttempts: 3 waitDuration: 10s enableExponentialBackoff: true exponentialBackoffMultiplier: 2 retryExceptions: - org.springframework.web.client.HttpServerErrorException - java.io.IOException ignoreExceptions: - io.github.robwin.exception.BusinessException backendB: maxRetryAttempts: 3 waitDuration: 10s retryExceptions: - org.springframework.web.client.HttpServerErrorException - java.io.IOException ignoreExceptions: - io.github.robwin.exception.BusinessException resilience4j.bulkhead: instances: backendA: maxConcurrentCalls: 10 backendB: maxWaitDuration: 10ms maxConcurrentCalls: 20 resilience4j.thread-pool-bulkhead: instances: backendC: maxThreadPoolSize: 1 coreThreadPoolSize: 1 queueCapacity: 1 resilience4j.ratelimiter: instances: backendA: limitForPeriod: 10 limitRefreshPeriod: 1s timeoutDuration: 0 registerHealthIndicator: true eventConsumerBufferSize: 100 backendB: limitForPeriod: 6 limitRefreshPeriod: 500ms timeoutDuration: 3s resilience4j.timelimiter: instances: backendA: timeoutDuration: 2s cancelRunningFuture: true backendB: timeoutDuration: 1s cancelRunningFuture: false
配置的规则可以被代码覆盖
3.3.5、配置监控
如grafana等
是否需要过滤部分异常
是否需要全局默认规则
可能需要引入其他中间件
k8s流量控制
规则存储和动态修改
接入改造代价
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