UNIX/Linux 系统管理技术手册阅读（八）

2016.8.24 9:37-10:20

1.10.2 Package-specific documentation

Most of the important software packages in the UNIX and Linux world are maintained by individuals or by third parties such as the Internet Systems Consortium and the Apache Software Foundation. These groups write their own documentation. The quality runs the gamut from embarrassing to spectacular, but jewels such as Version Control with Subversion from svnbook.red-bean.com make the hunt worthwhile.

1.10.2 针对软件包的专门文档

  UNIX和Linux世界里重要的软件包大多数是由个人或者第三方来维护的，比如Internet软件联盟（Internet Systems Consortium）和Apache软件基金会（Apache Software Foundation）。这些组织一般为它们所布的包编写文档。文档质量则从令人尴尬到吧为观止都有，但因为有了svnbook.red-bean.com的“Version Control with Subversion”这样的珍品存在，所以还是值得花时间去找的。

UNIX vendors and Linux distributors always include the appropriate man pages in their packages. Unfortunately, they tend to skimp on other documentation, mostly because there really isn’t a standard place to put it (check /usr/share/doc). It’s often useful to check the original source of the software to see if additional materials are available.

  UNIX厂商和Linux发行商总会在其软件里带上man手册页。遗憾的是，他们对其他文档则显得不够用心，这大多因为确实没有一个标准位置保存文档（查看/usr/share/doc）。查看软件的原出处，看看有没有更多的材料，常常比较有用。

Supplemental documents include white papers (technical reports), design rationales, and book- or pamphlet-length treatments of particular topics. These supplemental materials are not limited to describing just one command, so they can adopt a tutorial or procedural approach. Many pieces of software have both a man page and an article. For example, the man page for vi tells you about the command-line arguments that vi understands, but you have to go to the in-depth treatment to learn how to actually edit a file.

  补充材料包括白皮书（技术报告）、设计规范和针对专题的书或者小册子。这些补充材料不仅限于介绍一条命令，所以它们可以采用教程或者规程的形式。许多软件既有man手册，也有介绍文章。例如，vi的手册只告诉用户有关vi能够支持的命令行参数，而用户要深入学习才能掌握如何真正编辑一个文件。

Books

The best resources for system administrators in the printed realm (aside from this book :-)) are the O’Reilly series of books. The series began with UNIX in a Nutshell over 20 years ago and now includes a separate volume on just about every important UNIX and Linux subsystem and command. The series also includes books on the Internet, Windows, and other non-UNIX topics. All the books are reasonably priced, timely, and focused.

1.10.3 书籍

  在打印材料中，给系统管理员最好的资料来源就是O’Reilly的系列图书（除了本书之外）。这个系列从20年前的“UNIX in a Nutshell(UNIX简明教程)”开始，到如今针对每个UNIX和Linux子系统和命令都已经有一本独立成册的书。这个系列的图书也包括介绍Internet、Windows和其他UNIX之外的专题。所有这些书都定价合理、内容及时而且针对性强。

Tim O’Reilly has become quite interested in the open source movement and runs a conference, OSCON, on this topic as well as conferences on other trendy techie topics. OSCON occurs twice yearly, once in the United States and once in Europe. See oreilly.com for more information.

  Tim O’Reilly已经开始表现出对开源运动具有很大兴趣，他为开源举办了一个名为OSCON的大会，而且也为其他流行的技术主题举办大会。OSCON每年举办两次，一次在美国，另一次在欧洲。参考oreilly.com了解更多情况。

2016.8.26 17:10-17:40

RFCs and other Internet documents

The Request for Comments document series describes the protocols and procedures used on the Internet. Most of these documents are relatively detailed and technical, but some are written as overviews. They are absolutely authoritative, and many are quite useful for system administrators. See page 449 for a more complete description of these documents.

1.10.4 RFC和其他Internet文档

  RFC的系列文档描述了Internet上使用的协议和规程。这些文档大多相当详尽而且技术性强，但是有些RFC只是作为概述来写。它们都绝对有权威性，许多RFC对系统管理员相当有用。参考449页了解这些文档的更完整说明。

The Linux Documentation Project

Linux systems have another major source of reference information: the Linux Documentation Project at tldp.org. This site hosts a huge array of user-contributed documentation ranging from FAQs to full-length guides. The LDP also centralizes efforts to translate Linux-related documents into additional languages.

  1.10.5 LDP

  Linux系统还有另一种主要的参考资源：Linux建档项目，地址在tldp.org。这个网站保存了大量用户贡献的文档，内容从FAQ到完整篇幅的指南不一而足。LDP还集中力量把与Linux相关的文档都翻成其他语言。

Unfortunately, many of the LDP documents are not well maintained. Since Linuxyears are a lot like dog-years in their relation to real time, untended documents are apt to go out of date quickly. Always check the time stamp on a HOWTO or guide and weigh its credibility accordingly.

  遗憾的是，许多LDP文档现在并没有得到很好维护。因为Linux的时间概念相对于真实的时间来说要短得多，没人管的文档容易很快过时。一定要查看HOWTO或者指南上的时间戳，并据此估计它的可信度。

1.11 OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION

The sources discussed in the previous section are generally the most reliable, but they’re hardly the last word in UNIX and Linux documentation. Countless blogs, discussion forums, and news feeds are available on the Internet.

1.11 其他的信息资源

  前面几小节讨论的资源一般都最可靠，但它们极少成为UNIX和Linux世界里仅有的文档。Internet充满了不计其数的博客、论坛以及新种子。

It should go without saying, but Google is a system administrator’s best friend. Unless you’re looking up the details of a specific command or file format, Google should be the first resource you consult for any sysadmin question. Make it a habit; if nothing else, you’ll avoid the delay and humiliation of having your questions in an on-line forum answered with a link to Google When stuck, Google.

  但是，毋庸置疑，谷歌是系统管理员的最好朋友。除非正在查的是一条特殊命令或者文件格式的细节，否则谷歌应该是咨询任何系统管理问题的首选资源。如果还没有的话，就养成查谷歌的习惯，这样就可以避免在线论坛上提问题，却被人报以一个到谷歌的链接做回答，结果又耽误时间又丢面子的情况发生。万事不决问谷歌吧。

We can’t enumerate every useful collection of UNIX and Linux information on the Internet, but a few of the most significant ones are shown in Table 1.5.

  我们无法一一列举Internet上的每种UNIX和Linux信息源，但是表1.5里给出了其中最重要的一些。

Another fun and useful resource is Bruce Hamilton’s “Rosetta Stone” page at bhami.com/rosetta.html. It contains pointers to the commands and tools used for various system administration tasks on many different operating systems.

  另一个既有意思又有用的资源是Bruce Hamilton在bhami.com/rosetta.html上提供的“Rosetta Stone(罗塞塔石碑)”。其中包含了很多链接，指向在许多不同的操作系统上执行各种系统管理任务所用到的命令和工具。

If you’re a Linux site, don’t be shy about accessing general UNIX resources. Most

information is directly applicable to Linux.

  如果是Linux站点，不要羞于访问普通的UNIX资源。大多数信息都能直接用于Linux。