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在Python中字符串是不可变变量,对其进行切片及其中的元素复制都会报错
>>> str = "This is Python" >>> str[0:3] = "abc" Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
其常用的方法:
split
用法:str.split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)
将字符串划分为序列
>>> env = "/usr/bin/python"
>>> tmp_env = env.split("/")
>>> tmp_env
['', 'usr', 'bin', 'python']replace
用法:str.replace(old,new[,max])
将指定子串替换为另一个子串,并返回替换后的结果,但不会改变原String的内容
>>> str = "This are Python"
>>> rep_str = str.replace("are","is")
>>> rep_str
'This is Python'
>>> str
'This are Python'
>>> str = "This is Python,That is Great"
>>> rep_str = str.replace("is","was",2)
>>> rep_str
'Thwas was Python,That is Great'find
用法:str.find(sub[, start[, end]])
在字符串中查找字串,若找到,则返回字串的第一个字符的索引,否则,返回-1
>>> str = "This is Python,Hello ,中国,您好"
>>> fd_str = str.find("is")
>>> fd_str
2
>>> str[fd_str]
'i'
>>> fd_str2 = str.find("中")
>>> str[fd_str2]
'中'
>>> str1 = "That is dog".find("G")
>>> str1
-1join
用法:str.join(iterable)
合并序列的元素
>>> dirs = ['','usr','bin','python'] >>> '/'.join(dirs) '/usr/bin/python' >>> num = [1,2,3,4] #合并数字列表,报错 >>> seq = '+' >>> seq.join(num) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance, int found >>> str1 = ["A","B","C"] #合并字符列表,OK >>> seq = "-" >>> seq.join(str1) 'A-B-C' >>> str1 = "ABCDE" >>> seq = "abcde" >>> seq.join(str1) 'AabcdeBabcdeCabcdeDabcdeE'
strip
用法:str.strip([chars])
将字符串开头和末尾的空白(不包括中间的空白)删除,并返回结果
>>> " Hello,World!".strip()
'Hello,World!'
>>> "Hello,World ".strip()
'Hello,World'
>>> " Hello,World ".strip()
'Hello,World'
>>> "Hello, World! !".strip()
'Hello, World! !'
>>> "www.baidu.com".strip("com")
'www.baidu.'
>>> "www.baidu.com".strip(".com")
'www.baidu'center
用法:str.center(width[, fillchar])
通过在两边填充字符(默认为空格)让string居中
>>> "0123456789".center(1) '0123456789' >>> "0123456789".center(-1) '0123456789' >>> "0123456789".center(10) '0123456789' >>> "0123456789".center(11) ' 0123456789' >>> "0123456789".center(11,"*") '*0123456789' >>> "0123456789".center(12,"*") '*0123456789*' >>> "0123456789".center(20,"*") '*****0123456789*****'
详细的String参数可参考官网文档:
https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/stdtypes.html?highlight=replace#str.replace
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