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图书管理系统表设计结构
author的id对应author_book的author_id
book的id对应author_book的book_id
#########orm工具设置
D:\mysite\polls\models.py
orm:对像关系映射,将Python语法自动转换成sql语句
from django.db import models
#书
class Book(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) # 自增的ID主键
#创建一个varchar(64)的唯一的不为空的字段
title = models.CharField(max_length=64, null=False, unique=True)
#和出版社关联的外键字段
publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
#作者表
class Author(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=16, null=False, unique=True)
#告诉ORM 我这张表和book表是多对多的关联关系,ORM自动帮我生成了第三张表
book = models.ManyToManyField(to="Book")
def __str__(self):
return "<Author Object: {}>".format(self.name)
会生成三张表
polls_book表
polls_author表
polls_author_books表
#########主url设置
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
urlpatterns = [
path('polls/',include('polls.urls')),
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
#########应用url设置
D:\mysite\polls\urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
app_name = 'polls'
urlpatterns = [
#书相关的对应关系
path('book_list/', views.book_list,name='book_list'),
path('add_book/', views.add_book,name='add_book'), # 添加书籍
path('delete_book/', views.delete_book,name='delete_book'), # 删除书籍
path('edit_book/', views.edit_book,name='edit_book'), # 编辑书籍
# 作者相关的对应关系
path('author_list/', views.author_list,name='author_list'), # 展示作者
path('add_author/', views.add_author,name='add_author'), # 添加作者
path('delete_author/', views.delete_author,name='delete_author'), # 删除作者
path('edit_author/', views.edit_author,name='edit_author'), # 编辑作者
]
#########后端函数
D:\mysite\polls\views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from .models import Question,Publisher
from polls import models
#展示书的列表
def book_list(request):
# 去数据库中查询所有的书籍
all_book = models.Book.objects.all()
#在HTML页面完成字符串替换(渲染数据)
return render(request, "polls/book_list.html", {"all_book": all_book})
#添加书籍
def add_book(request):
if request.method == "POST":
new_title = request.POST.get("book_title")
new_publisher_id = request.POST.get("publisher")
#创建新书对象,自动提交
models.Book.objects.create(title=new_title, publisher_id=new_publisher_id)
#返回到书籍列表页
return redirect("/polls/book_list/")
#取到所有的出版社
ret = models.Publisher.objects.all()
return render(request, "polls/add_book.html", {"publisher_list": ret})
#删除书籍
def delete_book(request):
#从URL里面获取要删除的书籍的id值
delete_id = request.GET.get("id") # 从URL里面取数据
#去删除数据库中删除指定id的数据
models.Book.objects.get(id=delete_id).delete()
#返回书籍列表页面, 查看是否删除成功
return redirect("/polls/book_list/")
#编辑书籍
def edit_book(request):
if request.method == "POST":
# 从提交的数据里面取,书名和书关联的出版社
edit_id = request.POST.get("id")
new_title = request.POST.get("book_title")
new_publisher_id = request.POST.get("publisher")
#更新
edit_book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=edit_id)
edit_book_obj.title = new_title # 更新书名
edit_book_obj.publisher_id = new_publisher_id # 更新书籍关联的出版社
#将修改提交到数据库
edit_book_obj.save()
#返回书籍列表页面,查看是否编辑成功
return redirect("/polls/book_list/")
#返回一个页面,让用户编辑书籍信息
#取到编辑的书的id值
edit_id = request.GET.get("id")
#根据id去数据库中把具体的书籍对象拿到
edit_book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=edit_id)
ret = models.Publisher.objects.all()
return render(
request,
"polls/edit_book.html",
{"publisher_list": ret, "book_obj": edit_book_obj}
)
#作者列表页
def author_list(request):
# 查询所有的作者
all_author = models.Author.objects.all()
return render(request, "polls/author_list.html", {"author_list": all_author})
#添加作者
def add_author(request):
if request.method == "POST":
print("in post...")
#取到提交的数据
new_author_name = request.POST.get("author_name")
#post提交的数据是多个值的时候一定会要用getlist,如多选的checkbox和多选的select
books = request.POST.getlist("books")
#创建作者
new_author_obj = models.Author.objects.create(name=new_author_name)
#把新作者和书籍建立对应关系,自动提交
new_author_obj.book.set(books)
#跳转到作者列表页面,查看是否添加成功!
return redirect("/polls/author_list/")
#查询所有的书籍
ret = models.Book.objects.all()
return render(request, "polls/add_author.html", {"book_list": ret})
#删除作者
def delete_author(request):
# 从URL里面取到要删除的作者id
delete_id = request.GET.get("id")
#根据ID值取到要删除的作者对象,直接删除
#1. 去作者表把作者删了
#2. 去作者和书的关联表,把对应的关联记录删除了
models.Author.objects.get(id=delete_id).delete()
#返回作者列表页面
return redirect("/polls/author_list/")
#编辑作者
def edit_author(request):
# 如果编辑完提交数据过来
if request.method == "POST":
# 拿到提交过来的编辑后的数据
edit_author_id = request.POST.get("author_id")
new_author_name = request.POST.get("author_name")
# 拿到编辑后作者关联的书籍信息
new_books = request.POST.getlist("books")
# 根据ID找到当前编辑的作者对象
edit_author_obj = models.Author.objects.get(id=edit_author_id)
# 更新作者的名字
edit_author_obj.name = new_author_name
# 更新作者关联的书的对应关系
edit_author_obj.book.set(new_books)
# 将修改提交到数据库
edit_author_obj.save()
# 返回作者列表页,查看是否编辑成功
return redirect("/polls/author_list/")
# 从URL里面取要编辑的作者的id信息
edit_id = request.GET.get("id")
# 找到要编辑的作者对象
edit_author_obj = models.Author.objects.get(id=edit_id)
# 查询所有的书籍对象
ret = models.Book.objects.all()
return render(request, "polls/edit_author.html", {"book_list": ret, "author": edit_author_obj})
#########静态html文件
#book列表页
D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\book_list.htmll
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>书籍列表</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>所有的书籍都在这里!</h2>
<a href="/polls/add_book/">添加书籍</a>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>title</th>
<th>publisher</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for i in all_book %}
<tr>
<td>{{ i.id }}</td>
<td>{{ i.title }}</td>
<td>{{ i.publisher.name }}</td>
<td>
<a href="/polls/delete_book/?id={{ i.id }}">删除</a>
<a href="/polls/edit_book/?id={{ i.id }}">编辑</a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
##book添加页
D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\add_book.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>添加书籍</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>添加书籍</h2>
<form action="/polls/add_book/" method="post">
<p>
书名:<input type="text" name="book_title">
</p>
<p>
出版社:
<select name="publisher" >
{% for publisher in publisher_list %}
<option value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</p>
<p>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
#book编辑页
D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\edit_book.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>编辑书籍</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>编辑书籍</h2>
<form action="/polls/edit_book/" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{ book_obj.id }}">
<p>
书名:
<input type="text" name="book_title" value="{{ book_obj.title }}">
</p>
<p>
出版社:
<select name="publisher">
{% for publisher in publisher_list %}
{% if book_obj.publisher_id == publisher.id %}
{# 当前书籍关联的出版社才默认选中#}
<option selected value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option>
{% else %}
{# 其他的出版社不选中 #}
<option value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</select>
</p>
<p>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
#作者列表页
D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\author_list.htm
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>作者列表</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/polls/add_author/">添加新的作者</a>
<h2>所有的作者</h2>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>ID</th>
<th>名字</th>
<th>作品</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for author in author_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ author.id }}</td>
<td>{{ author.name }}</td>
<td>
{% for book in author.book.all %}
{{ book.title }}
{% endfor %}
</td>
<td>
<a href="/polls/delete_author/?id={{ author.id }}">删除</a>
<a href="/polls/edit_author/?id={{ author.id }}">编辑</a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
#作者添加页
D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\add_author.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>添加作者</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>添加作者</h2>
<form action="/polls/add_author/" method="post">
<p>
作者姓名:<input type="text" name="author_name">
</p>
<p>
作品:
<select multiple name="books">
{% for book in book_list %}
<option value="{{ book.id }}">{{ book.title }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</p>
<p>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
#作者编辑页
D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\edit_author.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>编辑作者</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>编辑作者</h2>
<form action="/polls/edit_author/" method="post">
<input type="text" name="author_id" value="{{ author.id }}" >
<p>
作者姓名:<input type="text" name="author_name" value="{{ author.name }}">
</p>
<p>
作品:
<select multiple name="books">
{% for book in book_list %}
{# 如果当前这本书 在 当前作者关联的所有书 里面 #}
{% if book in author.book.all %}
<option selected value="{{ book.id }}">{{ book.title }}</option>
{% else %}
<option value="{{ book.id }}">{{ book.title }}</option>{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</select>
</p>
<p>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
模板里author.book.all的含义
#web展示
作者列表页
作者添加页
作者编辑页
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