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一、HyperlinkedIdentityField(用的很少)
环境配置：
1、使django支持mysql(不再介绍)
2、settings.py文件INSTALLED_APPS字段中添加"rest_framework"
urls.py
url(r'^books/', views.Books.as_view()), url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Publish.as_view(),name='ttt'),
app01/server.py
from rest_framework import serializers class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer): nid = serializers.CharField() name = serializers.CharField() age = serializers.CharField() class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer): name = serializers.CharField() # publish = serializers.CharField() # 把名字换成链接地址,# view_name:路由的别名 # lookup_field:根据表指定字段，来拼路径，生成链接 # lookup_url_kwarg：默认是pk，（urls.py中的 publish/(?P<pk>\d+)，指定的pk）可以不写，反向解析有名分组的名字。 publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='ttt',lookup_field='publish_id',lookup_url_kwarg='pk')
views.py
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.http import JsonResponse
from app01 import models
from app01.server import BookSerializer
# Create your views here.
class Books(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
ret=models.Book.objects.all()
book_ser=BookSerializer(ret,many=True,context={'request':request})
print(book_ser.data)
return JsonResponse(book_ser.data,safe=False)
class Publish(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse('ok')models.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Book(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) publish_date = models.DateField() # 外键对应数据库表中的字段名后面会自动加"_id" # on_delete=models.CASCADE 级联删除 publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE) # ManyToManyField 自动创建第三张表，本表名_到你对应多的表名名字，自动帮你把表名转小写 authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author') def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField() author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDatail', to_field='nid', unique=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE) class AuthorDatail(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) telephone = models.BigIntegerField() birthday = models.DateField() addr = models.CharField(max_length=64) class Publish(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) city = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return self.name def test(self): return self.email
最后使用：
python3 manage makemigrations
python3 manage migrate
数据库的表中添加数据：
使用postman验证：
总结：
-1 publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='ttt',lookup_field='publish_id',lookup_url_kwarg='pky')
-2 view_name:路由的别名,lookup_field:根据表的哪个字段,来拼路径,lookup_url_kwarg:反向解析有名分组的名字
-3 写路由:url(r'^publish/(?P<pky>\d+)', views.Publish.as_view(),name='ttt'),
-4 实例化序列化类的时候,需要把request对象传过去
book_ser=BookSerializer(ret,many=True,context={'request': request})
二、序列化组件的反序列化和保存
环境配置：
1、使django支持mysql(不再介绍)
2、settings.py文件INSTALLED_APPS字段中添加"rest_framework"
urls.py
url(r'^books/', views.Books.as_view()), url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Publish.as_view(), name='ttt'),
models.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Book(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) publish_date = models.DateField() # 外键对应数据库表中的字段名后面会自动加"_id" # on_delete=models.CASCADE 级联删除 publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE) # ManyToManyField 自动创建第三张表，本表名_到你对应多的表名名字，自动帮你把表名转小写 authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author') def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField() author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDatail', to_field='nid', unique=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE) class AuthorDatail(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) telephone = models.BigIntegerField() birthday = models.DateField() addr = models.CharField(max_length=64) class Publish(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) city = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return self.name def test(self): return self.email
app01/server.py
from rest_framework import serializers from app01 import models class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer): nid = serializers.CharField() name = serializers.CharField() age = serializers.CharField() class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Book fields = '__all__' authors = serializers.CharField(required=False)
views.py
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.http import JsonResponse
from app01 import models
from app01.server import BookSerializer
# Create your views here.
class Books(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
ret = models.Book.objects.all()
book_ser = BookSerializer(ret, many=True, context={'request': request})
print(book_ser.data)
return JsonResponse(book_ser.data, safe=False)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 前端传过来的数据从data中取
# 用序列化类的数据校验
# data参数,是要校验的数据
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
# 如果数据校验通过,is_valid是True
# 保存到数据库,ser是谁的对象?继承了ModelSerializer的类的对象
ser.save()
else:
response['status'] = 101
response['msg'] = ser.errors
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)
class Publish(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse('ok')使用postman提交数据验证：
{
"name":"水浒传",
"price":"23.00",
"publish_date":"2018-12-01",
"publish":1
}
app01/server.py
# 其他一样，只是加了这一段,验证
# name = serializers.CharField(min_length=3, error_messages={'required': '该字段必填','min_length':'最短3位'})
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
nid = serializers.CharField()
name = serializers.CharField()
age = serializers.CharField()
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields = '__all__'
name = serializers.CharField(min_length=3, error_messages={'required': '该字段必填','min_length':'最短3位'})
authors = serializers.CharField(required=False)# 使用postman post提交数据验证
三、序列化组件修改功能
环境与上面一样
urls.py
url(r'^books/$', views.Books.as_view()), url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.BooksDetail.as_view()),
app01/server.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
nid = serializers.CharField()
name = serializers.CharField()
age = serializers.CharField()
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields = '__all__'
name = serializers.CharField(min_length=3, error_messages={'required': '该字段必填','min_length':'最短3位'})
authors = serializers.CharField(required=False)views.py
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.http import JsonResponse
from app01 import models
from app01.server import BookSerializer
# Create your views here.
class BooksDetail(APIView):
def get(self, request,pk):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
ret = models.Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first()
if ret:
# 序列化单条，many=False
book_ser = BookSerializer(ret, many=False)
print(book_ser.data)
response['data']=book_ser.data
else:
response['status']=101
response['msg']='查询不存在'
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)
def put(self,request,pk):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
ret = models.Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first()
if ret:
# 数据校验
# 传instance和不传instance,传instance的区别
# 不传instance,调save(),往数据库新增数据
# 传instance,调save(),修改数据
ser=BookSerializer(data=request.data,instance=ret)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
else:
response['status']=101
response['msg']=ser.errors
else:
response['status']=102
response['msg']='修改的对象不存在'
return JsonResponse(response,safe=False)
class Books(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
ret = models.Book.objects.all()
book_ser = BookSerializer(ret, many=True, context={'request': request})
print(book_ser.data)
return JsonResponse(book_ser.data, safe=False)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 前端传过来的数据从data中取
# 用序列化类的数据校验
# data参数,是要校验的数据
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
# 如果数据校验通过,is_valid是True
# 保存到数据库,ser是谁的对象?继承了ModelSerializer的类的对象
ser.save()
else:
response['status'] = 101
response['msg'] = ser.errors
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)
class Publish(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse('ok')models.py不变
python3 manage makemigrations
python3 manage migrate
使用postman 的put请求方式修改数据
数据库查看数据
总结：
-序列化组件的数据校验
-类比forms组件
-字段是否必填,通过required,来控制 authors=serializers.CharField(required=False)
-数据校验,生成一个序列化类的对象
-对象.is_valid()
-新增数据:
-对象.save()
-修改数据:
-在生成对象的时候,需要传instanse=查询出来的对象
-对象.save()
四、序列化组件数据校验功能的钩子函数
-局部
-全局
环境与以上配置一样，只有这个文件不一样。
局部钩子：
app01/server.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
nid = serializers.CharField()
name = serializers.CharField()
age = serializers.CharField()
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields = '__all__'
name = serializers.CharField(min_length=3, error_messages={'required': '该字段必填','min_length':'最短3位'})
authors = serializers.CharField(required=False)
# 局部钩子
def validate_name(self,value):
print(value)
if value.startswith('sb'):
raise ValidationError('不能以sb开头')
else:
return value使用postman 验证
全局钩子：
app01/server.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
nid = serializers.CharField()
name = serializers.CharField()
age = serializers.CharField()
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields = '__all__'
name = serializers.CharField(min_length=3, error_messages={'required': '该字段必填','min_length':'最短3位'})
authors = serializers.CharField(required=False)
# 全局钩子
# value是所有效验通过数据的字典
def validate(self, value):
name=value.get('name')
price=value.get('price')
if name and price:
if str(name)==str(price):
return value
else:
raise ValidationError('名字跟价格不相等')
return value使用postman验证：
五、认证组件初始
urls.py
url(r'^books/$', views.Books.as_view()), url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.BooksDetail.as_view()), url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Publish.as_view(), name='ttt'), url(r'^login/', views.login.as_view()),
app01/server.py (与之前一样，没改过)
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
nid = serializers.CharField()
name = serializers.CharField()
age = serializers.CharField()
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields = '__all__'
name = serializers.CharField(min_length=3, error_messages={'required': '该字段必填','min_length':'最短3位'})
authors = serializers.CharField(required=False)
# 局部钩子
def validate_name(self,value):
print(value)
if value.startswith('sb'):
raise ValidationError('不能以sb开头')
else:
return value
# 全局钩子
# value是所有效验通过数据的字典
def validate(self, value):
name=value.get('name')
price=value.get('price')
if name and price:
if str(name)==str(price):
return value
else:
raise ValidationError('名字跟价格不相等')
return valueviews.py
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.http import JsonResponse
from app01 import models
from app01.server import BookSerializer
# Create your views here.
from rest_framework import exceptions
class Auth():
def authenticate(self, request):
# 请求来的东西都能拿出来
# 包装后的request对象,请求来的所有东西都能拿出来
# 如果认证通过,需要返回东西,如果认证不通过,要抛异常
token = request.GET.get('token')
ret = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
# 如果有值,说明登录过了,而且带的随机字符串也是正确的
if ret:
return None
else:
# 如果没有值,抛异常
raise exceptions.APIException('请登录')
from rest_framework.request import Request
class BooksDetail(APIView):
authentication_classes = [Auth]
def get(self, request, pk):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
ret = models.Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first()
if ret:
# 序列化单条，many=False
book_ser = BookSerializer(ret, many=False)
print(book_ser.data)
response['data'] = book_ser.data
else:
response['status'] = 101
response['msg'] = '查询不存在'
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)
def put(self, request, pk):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
ret = models.Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first()
if ret:
# 数据校验
# 传instance和不传instance,传instance的区别
# 不传instance,调save(),往数据库新增数据
# 传instance,调save(),修改数据
ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data, instance=ret)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
else:
response['status'] = 101
response['msg'] = ser.errors
else:
response['status'] = 102
response['msg'] = '修改的对象不存在'
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)
class Books(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
ret = models.Book.objects.all()
book_ser = BookSerializer(ret, many=True, context={'request': request})
print(book_ser.data)
return JsonResponse(book_ser.data, safe=False)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 前端传过来的数据从data中取
# 用序列化类的数据校验
# data参数,是要校验的数据
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
# 如果数据校验通过,is_valid是True
# 保存到数据库,ser是谁的对象?继承了ModelSerializer的类的对象
ser.save()
else:
response['status'] = 101
response['msg'] = ser.errors
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)
class Publish(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse('ok')
import uuid
class login(APIView):
def post(self, request):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '登录成功'}
name = request.data.get('name')
pwd = request.data.get('pwd')
user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name=name, pwd=pwd).first()
if not user:
response['status'] = 101
response['msg'] = '用户名密码错误'
else:
# 生成一个随机字符串
token = uuid.uuid4()
# 去数据库保存
models.UserToken.objects.create(token=token, user=user)
response['token'] = token
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)models.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Book(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) publish_date = models.DateField() # 外键对应数据库表中的字段名后面会自动加"_id" # on_delete=models.CASCADE 级联删除 publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE) # ManyToManyField 自动创建第三张表，本表名_到你对应多的表名名字，自动帮你把表名转小写 authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author') def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField() author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDatail', to_field='nid', unique=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE) class AuthorDatail(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) telephone = models.BigIntegerField() birthday = models.DateField() addr = models.CharField(max_length=64) class Publish(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) city = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return self.name def test(self): return self.email class UserInfo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) class UserToken(models.Model): token = models.CharField(max_length=64) user = models.OneToOneField(to=UserInfo)
python3 manage makemigrations
python3 manage migrate
数据库添加数据
使用postman 验证：
提交登录：
使用token（已登录）查询数据信息
未登录显示：
有些健壮性判断未完成，没验证用户是否为登录状态等
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