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这篇文章主要讲解了“Golang GinWeb框架之如何理解绑定请求字符串/URI/请求头/复选框/表单类型”,文中的讲解内容简单清晰,易于学习与理解,下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来研究和学习“Golang GinWeb框架之如何理解绑定请求字符串/URI/请求头/复选框/表单类型”吧!
只绑定查询字符串
使用SholdBindQuery方法只绑定查询参数, 而不会绑定post的数据.
以下为示例代码与模拟测试请求:
package main import ( "log" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) type Person struct { Name string `form:"name"` Address string `form:"address"` } func main() { route := gin.Default() route.Any("/testing", startPage) route.Run(":8085") } func startPage(c *gin.Context) { var person Person // ShouldBindQuery is a shortcut for c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.Query) // ShouldBindQuery是c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.Query)方法的一个快捷绑定方法, 该方法只绑定请求字符串query string,而忽略Post提交的表单数据 if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil { log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======") log.Println(person.Name) log.Println(person.Address) } c.String(200, "Success") } //only bind query 模拟查询字符串请求 //curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=eason&address=xyz" //only bind query string, ignore form data 模拟查询字符串请求和Post表单,这里的表单会被忽略 //curl -X POST "localhost:8085/testing?name=eason&address=xyz" --data 'name=ignore&address=ignore' -H "Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded
绑定查询字符串或Post数据(表单)
代码与请求示例:
package main import ( "log" "time" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) type Person struct { Name string `form:"name"` Address string `form:"address"` Birthday time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"` CreateTime time.Time `form:"createTime" time_format:"unixNano"` UnixTime time.Time `form:"unixTime" time_format:"unix"` } func main() { route := gin.Default() //route.GET("/testing", startPage) //使用GET route.POST("/testing", startPage) //使用POST route.Run(":8085") } func startPage(c *gin.Context) { var person Person // If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used. 如果路由是GET方法,则只使用查询字符串引擎绑定 // If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`). // See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L48 //如果是POST方式, ShouldBind方法检查请求类型头Content-Type来自动选择绑定引擎,比如Json/XML if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil { log.Println(person.Name) log.Println(person.Address) log.Println(person.Birthday) log.Println(person.CreateTime) log.Println(person.UnixTime) } //if c.BindJSON(&person) == nil { // log.Println("====== Bind By JSON ======") // log.Println(person.Name) // log.Println(person.Address) //} c.String(200, "Success") } //模拟查询字符串参数请求: //curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15&createTime=1562400033000000123&unixTime=1562400033" //模拟Post Json请求 //curl -X POST localhost:8085/testing --data '{"name":"JJ", "address":"xyz"}' -H "Content-Type:application/json"
绑定URI
将结构体中标签指定的字段与URI中对应的字段进行绑定, 详情请参考: https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/846
代码与请求示例:
package main import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" type Person struct { ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"` //指定URI标签 Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"` } func main() { route := gin.Default() //下面的URI中的name和id与Person结构中的标签分别对应 route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) { var person Person if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil { c.JSON(400, gin.H{"msg": err}) return } c.JSON(200, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID}) }) route.Run(":8088") } //模拟请求 //curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3 //curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid
绑定请求头
将请求头中的信息与结构体绑定
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) type testHeader struct { Rate int `header:"Rate"` //结构中添加header标签 Domain string `header:"Domain"` } func main() { r := gin.Default() r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { h := testHeader{} //ShouldBindHeader是c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.Header)的快捷方法 if err := c.ShouldBindHeader(&h); err != nil { c.JSON(200, err) } fmt.Printf("%#v\n", h) c.JSON(200, gin.H{"Rate": h.Rate, "Domain": h.Domain}) }) r.Run() } //模拟请求 // curl -H "rate:300" -H "domain:music" http://localhost:8080/ // 参考输出: // {"Domain":"music","Rate":300}
绑定HTML复选框
将html与main.go放到一个目录,执行go run main.go运行后, 访问http://localhost:8080,勾选复选框,然后提交测试
main.go
package main import ( "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) type myForm struct { Colors []string `form:"colors[]"` //标签中的colors[]数组切片与html文件中的name="colors[]"对应 } func main() { r := gin.Default() //LoadHTMLGlob采用通配符模式匹配HTML文件,并将内容进行渲染,提供给前端访问 r.LoadHTMLGlob("*.html") r.GET("/", indexHandler) r.POST("/", formHandler) r.Run(":8080") } func indexHandler(c *gin.Context) { c.HTML(200, "form.html", nil) } func formHandler(c *gin.Context) { var fakeForm myForm c.Bind(&fakeForm) //Bind方法根据请求头类型Content-Type, 自动选择合适的绑定引擎,如Json/XML c.JSON(200, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors}) } //将html与main.go放到一个目录,执行go run main.go运行后, 访问http://localhost:8080,勾选复选框,然后提交测试
form.html
使用ShouldBind方法结合结构体标签, 以及mime/multipart包完成多部分类型表单数据multipart/form-data或URL编码类型表单application/x-www-form-urlencoded数据进行绑定:
package main import ( "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" "mime/multipart" "net/http" ) type ProfileForm struct { Name string `form:"name" binding:"required"` Avatar *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"` // or for multiple files // Avatars []*multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"` } func main() { router := gin.Default() router.POST("/profile", func(c *gin.Context) { // you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration: 可以使用显示申明的方式,即用ShouldBindWith(&from, binding.Form)方法来绑定多部分类型表单multipart form // c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form) // or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method: var form ProfileForm // in this case proper binding will be automatically selected // 这里使用ShouldBind方法自动选择绑定器进行绑定 if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil { c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad request") return } //保存上传的表单文件到指定的目标文件 err := c.SaveUploadedFile(form.Avatar, form.Avatar.Filename) if err != nil { c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "unknown error") return } // db.Save(&form) c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok") }) router.Run(":8080") } //模拟测试: //curl -X POST -v --form name=user --form "avatar=@./avatar.png" http://localhost:8080/profile
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