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本篇内容介绍了“Java的ClassLoader机制是什么”的有关知识,在实际案例的操作过程中,不少人都会遇到这样的困境,接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧!希望大家仔细阅读,能够学有所成!
JVM在加载类的时候,都是通过ClassLoader的loadClass()方法来加载class的,loadClass(String name)方法:
使用的是双亲委托模式:
jvm启动时,会启动jre/rt.jar里的类加载器:bootstrap classloader,用来加载java核心api;然后启动扩展类加载器ExtClassLoader加载扩展类,并加载用户程序加载器AppClassLoader,并指定ExtClassLoader为他的父类;
当类被加载时,会先检查在内存中是否已经被加载,如果是,则不再加载,如果没有,再由AppClassLoader来加载,先从jar包里找,没有再从classpath里找;
如果自定义loader类,就会存在这命名空间的情况,不同的加载器加载同一个类时,产生的实例其实是不同的;
Java代码
public Class<?> loadClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException { return loadClass(name, false); } public Class<?> loadClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException { return loadClass(name, false); }
loadClass(String name)方法再调用loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)方法:
◆ name - 类的二进制名称
◆ resolve - 如果该参数为 true,则分析这个类
Java代码
protected synchronized Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException { // First, check if the class has already been loaded //JVM 规范规定ClassLoader可以在缓存保留它所加载的Class,如果一个Class已经被加载过,则直接从缓存中获取 Class c = findLoadedClass(name); if (c == null) { try { if (parent != null) { c = parent.loadClass(name, false); } else { c = findBootstrapClass0(name); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { // If still not found, then invoke findClass in order // to find the class. c = findClass(name); } } if (resolve) { resolveClass(c); } return c; } protected synchronized Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException { // First, check if the class has already been loaded //JVM 规范规定ClassLoader可以在缓存保留它所加载的Class,如果一个Class已经被加载过,则直接从缓存中获取 Class c = findLoadedClass(name); if (c == null) { try { if (parent != null) { c = parent.loadClass(name, false); } else { c = findBootstrapClass0(name); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { // If still not found, then invoke findClass in order // to find the class. c = findClass(name); } } if (resolve) { resolveClass(c); } return c; }
如果ClassLoader并没有加载这个class,则调用findBootstrapClass0:
Java代码
private Class findBootstrapClass0(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException { check(); if (!checkName(name)) throw new ClassNotFoundException(name); return findBootstrapClass(name); } private Class findBootstrapClass0(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException { check(); if (!checkName(name)) throw new ClassNotFoundException(name); return findBootstrapClass(name); }
该方法会调用check()方法来判断这个类是否已经初始化,并且通过checkName(name)来判断由name指定的这个类是否存在***调用findBootstrapClass(name):
Java代码
private native Class findBootstrapClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException; private native Class findBootstrapClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException;
而这个findBootstrapClass方法是一个native方法,这是我们的root loader,这个载入方法并非是由JAVA所写,而是C++写的,它会最终调用JVM中的原生findBootstrapClass方法来完成类的加载。
如果上面两个都找不到,则使用findClass(name)来查找指定类名的Class:
Java代码
protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException { throw new ClassNotFoundException(name); } protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException { throw new ClassNotFoundException(name); }
JDK5.0中的说明:
使用指定的二进制名称查找类。此方法应该被类加载器的实现重写,该实现按照委托模型来加载类。在通过父类加载器检查所请求的类后,此方法将被 loadClass 方法调用。默认实现抛出一个ClassNotFoundException。
所以,我们在自定义类中,只需要重写findClass()即可。
MyClassLoader类:
Java代码
public class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader { private String fileName; public MyClassLoader(String fileName) { this.fileName = fileName; } protected Class<?> findClass(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException { Class clazz = this.findLoadedClass(className); if (null == clazz) { try { String classFile = getClassFile(className); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(classFile); FileChannel fileC = fis.getChannel(); ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); WritableByteChannel outC = Channels.newChannel(baos); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024); while (true) { int i = fileC.read(buffer); if (i == 0 || i == -1) { break; } buffer.flip(); outC.write(buffer); buffer.clear(); } fis.close(); byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray(); clazz = defineClass(className, bytes, 0, bytes.length); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return clazz; } private byte[] loadClassBytes(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException { try { String classFile = getClassFile(className); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(classFile); FileChannel fileC = fis.getChannel(); ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); WritableByteChannel outC = Channels.newChannel(baos); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024); while (true) { int i = fileC.read(buffer); if (i == 0 || i == -1) { break; } buffer.flip(); outC.write(buffer); buffer.clear(); } fis.close(); return baos.toByteArray(); } catch (IOException fnfe) { throw new ClassNotFoundException(className); } } private String getClassFile(String name) { StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(fileName); name = name.replace('.', File.separatorChar) + ".class"; sb.append(File.separator + name); return sb.toString(); } } public class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader { private String fileName; public MyClassLoader(String fileName) { this.fileName = fileName; } protected Class<?> findClass(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException { Class clazz = this.findLoadedClass(className); if (null == clazz) { try { String classFile = getClassFile(className); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(classFile); FileChannel fileC = fis.getChannel(); ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); WritableByteChannel outC = Channels.newChannel(baos); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024); while (true) { int i = fileC.read(buffer); if (i == 0 || i == -1) { break; } buffer.flip(); outC.write(buffer); buffer.clear(); } fis.close(); byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray(); clazz = defineClass(className, bytes, 0, bytes.length); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return clazz; } private byte[] loadClassBytes(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException { try { String classFile = getClassFile(className); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(classFile); FileChannel fileC = fis.getChannel(); ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); WritableByteChannel outC = Channels.newChannel(baos); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024); while (true) { int i = fileC.read(buffer); if (i == 0 || i == -1) { break; } buffer.flip(); outC.write(buffer); buffer.clear(); } fis.close(); return baos.toByteArray(); } catch (IOException fnfe) { throw new ClassNotFoundException(className); } } private String getClassFile(String name) { StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(fileName); name = name.replace('.', File.separatorChar) + ".class"; sb.append(File.separator + name); return sb.toString(); } }
该类中通过调用defineClass(String name, byte[] b, int off, int len)方法来定义一个类:
Java代码
protected final Class<?> defineClass(String name, byte[] b, int off, int len) throws ClassFormatError { return defineClass(name, b, off, len, null); } protected final Class<?> defineClass(String name, byte[] b, int off, int len) throws ClassFormatError { return defineClass(name, b, off, len, null); }
注:MyClassLoader加载类时有一个局限,必需指定.class文件,而不能指定.jar文件。该类中的大部分代码是从网上搜索到的,是出自一牛人之笔,只是不知道原帖在哪,希望不会被隐藏。
MainClassLoader类:
Java代码
public class MainClassLoader { public static void main(String[] args) { try { MyClassLoader tc = new MyClassLoader("F:\\OpenLib\\"); Class c = tc.findClass("Test"); c.newInstance(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } public class MainClassLoader { public static void main(String[] args) { try { MyClassLoader tc = new MyClassLoader("F:\\OpenLib\\"); Class c = tc.findClass("Test"); c.newInstance(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
***是一个简单的Test测试类:
Java代码
public class Test { public Test() { System.out.println("Test"); } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello World"); } }
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