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# 怎么利用Scrapy爬虫框架抓取所有文章列表的URL
## 一、Scrapy框架简介
Scrapy是一个用Python编写的开源网络爬虫框架,广泛应用于数据挖掘、信息处理等领域。其核心优势在于:
- 异步处理能力(基于Twisted)
- 内置CSS/XPath选择器
- 完善的中间件扩展机制
- 自动的管道数据存储
## 二、环境准备
### 1. 安装Scrapy
```bash
pip install scrapy
scrapy startproject article_crawler
cd article_crawler
scrapy genspider article_spider example.com
import scrapy
class ArticleItem(scrapy.Item):
url = scrapy.Field()
title = scrapy.Field()
import scrapy
from article_crawler.items import ArticleItem
class ArticleSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "article_spider"
start_urls = ['https://example.com/articles']
def parse(self, response):
# 提取文章列表URL
article_links = response.css('div.article-list a::attr(href)').getall()
for url in article_links:
yield ArticleItem(url=response.urljoin(url))
# 分页处理
next_page = response.css('a.next-page::attr(href)').get()
if next_page:
yield response.follow(next_page, self.parse)
# 启用Pipeline
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'article_crawler.pipelines.ArticlePipeline': 300,
}
# 遵守robots.txt规则(根据需求调整)
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
# 设置下载延迟(防止被封)
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2
import json
class ArticlePipeline:
def open_spider(self, spider):
self.file = open('articles.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
self.file.write('[\n')
def process_item(self, item, spider):
line = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False) + ",\n"
self.file.write(line)
return item
def close_spider(self, spider):
self.file.write(']')
self.file.close()
import pymysql
class MySQLPipeline:
def __init__(self):
self.conn = pymysql.connect(
host='localhost',
user='root',
password='',
db='scrapy_data'
)
def process_item(self, item, spider):
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
sql = "INSERT INTO articles (url) VALUES (%s)"
cursor.execute(sql, (item['url'],))
self.conn.commit()
return item
# 安装额外依赖
# pip install scrapy-selenium
from scrapy_selenium import SeleniumRequest
class ArticleSpider(scrapy.Spider):
def start_requests(self):
yield SeleniumRequest(
url="https://example.com/articles",
callback=self.parse,
wait_time=3
)
# settings.py
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': None,
'scrapy_user_agents.middlewares.RandomUserAgentMiddleware': 400,
}
scrapy crawl article_spider -o articles.csv
# 查看响应内容
scrapy shell "https://example.com/articles"
# 导出爬虫结构图
scrapy view "https://example.com/articles"
通过以上步骤,你可以快速构建一个高效的文章URL采集系统。实际应用中可能需要根据具体网站结构调整选择器规则和分页逻辑。 “`
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