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# Python怎么爬取高质量超清壁纸
在当今数字时代，高清壁纸已成为电脑和手机用户日常需求。本文将详细介绍如何利用Python从专业壁纸网站爬取高质量超清壁纸资源，包含完整代码实现和关键技术解析。
## 一、准备工作
### 1.1 选择目标网站
推荐几个优质壁纸来源：
- Wallhaven (https://wallhaven.cc)
- Unsplash (https://unsplash.com/wallpapers)
- WallpaperAbyss (https://wall.alphacoders.com)
本文以Wallhaven为例，因其提供：
- 完善的分类系统
- 分辨率筛选功能
- API友好型结构
### 1.2 安装必备库
```python
pip install requests beautifulsoup4 pillow tqdm
各库作用：
- requests：网络请求
- beautifulsoup4：HTML解析
- pillow：图像处理
- tqdm：进度条显示
Wallhaven的分页格式：
https://wallhaven.cc/search?q=关键词&page=页码
示例：
- 星空壁纸：https://wallhaven.cc/search?q=stars&page=2
- 4K分辨率：https://wallhaven.cc/search?q=&resolutions=3840x2160&page=1
通过开发者工具(F12)分析发现：
- 图片列表位于<div class="thumb-listing-page">
- 单个图片链接在<a class="preview" href>
- 最终大图URL需要进入详情页获取
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import os
from tqdm import tqdm
def get_wallpapers(keyword="", resolution="", pages=1, save_dir="wallpapers"):
headers = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)"
}
if not os.path.exists(save_dir):
os.makedirs(save_dir)
for page in range(1, pages+1):
url = f"https://wallhaven.cc/search?q={keyword}&resolutions={resolution}&page={page}"
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
thumbnails = soup.select("a.preview")
for thumb in tqdm(thumbnails, desc=f"Processing page {page}"):
detail_url = thumb['href']
download_wallpaper(detail_url, save_dir)
def download_wallpaper(detail_url, save_dir):
try:
response = requests.get(detail_url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
img_url = soup.select_one("#wallpaper")['src']
if not img_url.startswith('http'):
img_url = "https:" + img_url
img_data = requests.get(img_url).content
filename = os.path.join(save_dir, img_url.split('/')[-1])
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
f.write(img_data)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error downloading {detail_url}: {str(e)}")
Wallhaven支持以下分辨率参数： - 1920x1080 (1080P) - 2560x1440 (2K) - 3840x2160 (4K) - 5120x2880 (5K)
改进后的URL构造：
def build_search_url(keyword, resolution, purity="100", page=1):
base_url = "https://wallhaven.cc/search?"
params = {
"q": keyword,
"resolutions": resolution,
"purity": purity, # SFW内容
"page": page
}
return base_url + "&".join(f"{k}={v}" for k,v in params.items() if v)
使用concurrent.futures加速下载：
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
def download_wallpapers_concurrently(thumbnails, save_dir, max_workers=5):
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as executor:
futures = []
for thumb in thumbnails:
futures.append(
executor.submit(
download_wallpaper,
thumb['href'],
save_dir
)
)
for future in tqdm(futures, desc="Downloading"):
future.result()
使用Pillow验证下载的图片：
from PIL import Image
def validate_resolution(filepath, min_width=1920, min_height=1080):
try:
with Image.open(filepath) as img:
return img.width >= min_width and img.height >= min_height
except:
return False
def clean_low_quality(save_dir):
for filename in os.listdir(save_dir):
filepath = os.path.join(save_dir, filename)
if not validate_resolution(filepath):
os.remove(filepath)
print(f"Removed low quality: {filename}")
import os
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from PIL import Image
from tqdm import tqdm
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
class WallhavenSpider:
def __init__(self):
self.headers = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)"
}
def search_wallpapers(self, keyword="nature", resolution="3840x2160", pages=3):
all_wallpapers = []
for page in range(1, pages+1):
url = f"https://wallhaven.cc/search?q={keyword}&resolutions={resolution}&page={page}"
response = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
all_wallpapers.extend(soup.select("a.preview"))
return all_wallpapers
def download(self, wallpaper_list, save_dir="wallpapers"):
if not os.path.exists(save_dir):
os.makedirs(save_dir)
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:
futures = []
for wall in wallpaper_list:
futures.append(executor.submit(
self._download_single,
wall['href'],
save_dir
))
for future in tqdm(futures, desc="Downloading", total=len(futures)):
future.result()
self.clean_low_quality(save_dir)
def _download_single(self, detail_url, save_dir):
try:
response = requests.get(detail_url, headers=self.headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
img_url = soup.select_one("#wallpaper")['src']
if img_url:
if not img_url.startswith('http'):
img_url = "https:" + img_url
img_data = requests.get(img_url).content
filename = os.path.join(save_dir, img_url.split('/')[-1])
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
f.write(img_data)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error downloading {detail_url}: {e}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
spider = WallhavenSpider()
wallpapers = spider.search_wallpapers(keyword="sunset", resolution="3840x2160")
spider.download(wallpapers[:20]) # 下载前20张
遵守robots.txt：
/robots.txt请求频率控制：
import time
time.sleep(1) # 每个请求间隔1秒
版权问题：
异常处理增强：
try:
# 爬取代码
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
print(f"Network error: {e}")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("User interrupted")
自动换壁纸工具：
深度学习筛选：
搭建壁纸网站：
通过本文介绍的方法，你可以轻松构建个性化的高清壁纸库。建议根据实际需求调整爬取策略，并始终遵守网络道德规范。 “`
这篇文章包含了： 1. 完整的Python实现代码 2. 分步骤的技术讲解 3. 高级功能扩展 4. 注意事项和最佳实践 5. 实际应用建议
总字数约2100字，采用Markdown格式，可直接用于技术博客发布。需要调整内容细节可以随时告知。
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