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这篇文章主要讲解了“Pytorch怎么实现简单的垃圾分类”，文中的讲解内容简单清晰，易于学习与理解，下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入，一起来研究和学习“Pytorch怎么实现简单的垃圾分类”吧！
垃圾数据都放在了名字为「垃圾图片库」的文件夹里。
首先，我们需要写个脚本根据文件夹名，生成对应的标签文件（dir_label.txt）。
前面是小分类标签，后面是大分类标签。
然后再将数据集分为训练集（train.txt）、验证集（val.txt）、测试集（test.txt）。
训练集和验证集用于训练模型，测试集用于验收最终模型效果。
此外，在使用图片训练之前还需要检查下图片质量，使用 PIL 的 Image 读取，捕获 Error 和 Warning 异常，对有问题的图片直接删除即可。
写个脚本生成三个 txt 文件，训练集 48045 张，验证集 5652 张，测试集 2826 张。
脚本很简单，代码就不贴了，直接提供处理好的文件。
处理好的四个 txt 文件可以直接下载。
编写 dataset.py 读取数据，看一下效果。
import torch
from PIL import Image
import os
import glob
from torch.utils.data import Dataset
import random
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
from PIL import ImageFile
ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
class Garbage_Loader(Dataset):
def __init__(self, txt_path, train_flag=True):
self.imgs_info = self.get_images(txt_path)
self.train_flag = train_flag
self.train_tf = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize(224),
transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
transforms.RandomVerticalFlip(),
transforms.ToTensor(),
])
self.val_tf = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize(224),
transforms.ToTensor(),
])
def get_images(self, txt_path):
with open(txt_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
imgs_info = f.readlines()
imgs_info = list(map(lambda x:x.strip().split('\t'), imgs_info))
return imgs_info
def padding_black(self, img):
w, h = img.size
scale = 224. / max(w, h)
img_fg = img.resize([int(x) for x in [w * scale, h * scale]])
size_fg = img_fg.size
size_bg = 224
img_bg = Image.new("RGB", (size_bg, size_bg))
img_bg.paste(img_fg, ((size_bg - size_fg[0]) // 2,
(size_bg - size_fg[1]) // 2))
img = img_bg
return img
def __getitem__(self, index):
img_path, label = self.imgs_info[index]
img = Image.open(img_path)
img = img.convert('RGB')
img = self.padding_black(img)
if self.train_flag:
img = self.train_tf(img)
else:
img = self.val_tf(img)
label = int(label)
return img, label
def __len__(self):
return len(self.imgs_info)
if __name__ == "__main__":
train_dataset = Garbage_Loader("train.txt", True)
print("数据个数：", len(train_dataset))
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=train_dataset,
batch_size=1,
shuffle=True)
for image, label in train_loader:
print(image.shape)
print(label)读取 train.txt 文件，加载数据。数据预处理，是将图片等比例填充到尺寸为 280 * 280 的纯黑色图片上，然后再 resize 到 224 * 224 的尺寸。
这是图片分类里，很常规的一种预处理方法。
此外，针对训练集，使用 pytorch 的 transforms 添加了水平翻转和垂直翻转的随机操作，这也是很常见的一种数据增强方法。
运行结果：
OK，搞定！开始写训练代码！
我们使用一个常规的网络 ResNet50 ，这是一个非常常见的提取特征的网络结构。
创建 train.py 文件，编写如下代码：
from dataset import Garbage_Loader
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision import models
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
import torch
import time
import os
import shutil
os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] = "0"
"""
Author : Jack Cui
Wechat : https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/OCWwRVDFNslIuKyiCVUoTA
"""
from tensorboardX import SummaryWriter
def accuracy(output, target, topk=(1,)):
"""
计算topk的准确率
"""
with torch.no_grad():
maxk = max(topk)
batch_size = target.size(0)
_, pred = output.topk(maxk, 1, True, True)
pred = pred.t()
correct = pred.eq(target.view(1, -1).expand_as(pred))
class_to = pred[0].cpu().numpy()
res = []
for k in topk:
correct_k = correct[:k].view(-1).float().sum(0, keepdim=True)
res.append(correct_k.mul_(100.0 / batch_size))
return res, class_to
def save_checkpoint(state, is_best, filename='checkpoint.pth.tar'):
"""
根据 is_best 存模型，一般保存 valid acc 最好的模型
"""
torch.save(state, filename)
if is_best:
shutil.copyfile(filename, 'model_best_' + filename)
def train(train_loader, model, criterion, optimizer, epoch, writer):
"""
训练代码
参数：
train_loader - 训练集的 DataLoader
model - 模型
criterion - 损失函数
optimizer - 优化器
epoch - 进行第几个 epoch
writer - 用于写 tensorboardX
"""
batch_time = AverageMeter()
data_time = AverageMeter()
losses = AverageMeter()
top1 = AverageMeter()
top5 = AverageMeter()
# switch to train mode
model.train()
end = time.time()
for i, (input, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
# measure data loading time
data_time.update(time.time() - end)
input = input.cuda()
target = target.cuda()
# compute output
output = model(input)
loss = criterion(output, target)
# measure accuracy and record loss
[prec1, prec5], class_to = accuracy(output, target, topk=(1, 5))
losses.update(loss.item(), input.size(0))
top1.update(prec1[0], input.size(0))
top5.update(prec5[0], input.size(0))
# compute gradient and do SGD step
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
# measure elapsed time
batch_time.update(time.time() - end)
end = time.time()
if i % 10 == 0:
print('Epoch: [{0}][{1}/{2}]\t'
'Time {batch_time.val:.3f} ({batch_time.avg:.3f})\t'
'Data {data_time.val:.3f} ({data_time.avg:.3f})\t'
'Loss {loss.val:.4f} ({loss.avg:.4f})\t'
'Prec@1 {top1.val:.3f} ({top1.avg:.3f})\t'
'Prec@5 {top5.val:.3f} ({top5.avg:.3f})'.format(
epoch, i, len(train_loader), batch_time=batch_time,
data_time=data_time, loss=losses, top1=top1, top5=top5))
writer.add_scalar('loss/train_loss', losses.val, global_step=epoch)
def validate(val_loader, model, criterion, epoch, writer, phase="VAL"):
"""
验证代码
参数：
val_loader - 验证集的 DataLoader
model - 模型
criterion - 损失函数
epoch - 进行第几个 epoch
writer - 用于写 tensorboardX
"""
batch_time = AverageMeter()
losses = AverageMeter()
top1 = AverageMeter()
top5 = AverageMeter()
# switch to evaluate mode
model.eval()
with torch.no_grad():
end = time.time()
for i, (input, target) in enumerate(val_loader):
input = input.cuda()
target = target.cuda()
# compute output
output = model(input)
loss = criterion(output, target)
# measure accuracy and record loss
[prec1, prec5], class_to = accuracy(output, target, topk=(1, 5))
losses.update(loss.item(), input.size(0))
top1.update(prec1[0], input.size(0))
top5.update(prec5[0], input.size(0))
# measure elapsed time
batch_time.update(time.time() - end)
end = time.time()
if i % 10 == 0:
print('Test-{0}: [{1}/{2}]\t'
'Time {batch_time.val:.3f} ({batch_time.avg:.3f})\t'
'Loss {loss.val:.4f} ({loss.avg:.4f})\t'
'Prec@1 {top1.val:.3f} ({top1.avg:.3f})\t'
'Prec@5 {top5.val:.3f} ({top5.avg:.3f})'.format(
phase, i, len(val_loader),
batch_time=batch_time,
loss=losses,
top1=top1, top5=top5))
print(' * {} Prec@1 {top1.avg:.3f} Prec@5 {top5.avg:.3f}'
.format(phase, top1=top1, top5=top5))
writer.add_scalar('loss/valid_loss', losses.val, global_step=epoch)
return top1.avg, top5.avg
class AverageMeter(object):
"""Computes and stores the average and current value"""
def __init__(self):
self.reset()
def reset(self):
self.val = 0
self.avg = 0
self.sum = 0
self.count = 0
def update(self, val, n=1):
self.val = val
self.sum += val * n
self.count += n
self.avg = self.sum / self.count
if __name__ == "__main__":
# -------------------------------------------- step 1/4 : 加载数据 ---------------------------
train_dir_list = 'train.txt'
valid_dir_list = 'val.txt'
batch_size = 64
epochs = 80
num_classes = 214
train_data = Garbage_Loader(train_dir_list, train_flag=True)
valid_data = Garbage_Loader(valid_dir_list, train_flag=False)
train_loader = DataLoader(dataset=train_data, num_workers=8, pin_memory=True, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
valid_loader = DataLoader(dataset=valid_data, num_workers=8, pin_memory=True, batch_size=batch_size)
train_data_size = len(train_data)
print('训练集数量：%d' % train_data_size)
valid_data_size = len(valid_data)
print('验证集数量：%d' % valid_data_size)
# ------------------------------------ step 2/4 : 定义网络 ------------------------------------
model = models.resnet50(pretrained=True)
fc_inputs = model.fc.in_features
model.fc = nn.Linear(fc_inputs, num_classes)
model = model.cuda()
# ------------------------------------ step 3/4 : 定义损失函数和优化器等 -------------------------
lr_init = 0.0001
lr_stepsize = 20
weight_decay = 0.001
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss().cuda()
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=lr_init, weight_decay=weight_decay)
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size=lr_stepsize, gamma=0.1)
writer = SummaryWriter('runs/resnet50')
# ------------------------------------ step 4/4 : 训练 -----------------------------------------
best_prec1 = 0
for epoch in range(epochs):
scheduler.step()
train(train_loader, model, criterion, optimizer, epoch, writer)
# 在验证集上测试效果
valid_prec1, valid_prec5 = validate(valid_loader, model, criterion, epoch, writer, phase="VAL")
is_best = valid_prec1 > best_prec1
best_prec1 = max(valid_prec1, best_prec1)
save_checkpoint({
'epoch': epoch + 1,
'arch': 'resnet50',
'state_dict': model.state_dict(),
'best_prec1': best_prec1,
'optimizer' : optimizer.state_dict(),
}, is_best,
filename='checkpoint_resnet50.pth.tar')
writer.close()代码并不复杂，网络结构直接使 torchvision 的 ResNet50 模型，并且采用 ResNet50 的预训练模型。算法采用交叉熵损失函数，优化器选择 Adam，并采用 StepLR 进行学习率衰减。
保存模型的策略是选择在验证集准确率最高的模型。
batch size 设为 64，GPU 显存大约占 8G，显存不够的，可以调整 batch size 大小。
模型训练完成，就可以写测试代码了，看下效果吧！
创建 infer.py 文件，编写如下代码：
from dataset import Garbage_Loader
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
from torchvision import models
import torch.nn as nn
import torch
import os
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#%matplotlib inline
os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] = "0"
def softmax(x):
exp_x = np.exp(x)
softmax_x = exp_x / np.sum(exp_x, 0)
return softmax_x
with open('dir_label.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
labels = f.readlines()
labels = list(map(lambda x:x.strip().split('\t'), labels))
if __name__ == "__main__":
test_list = 'test.txt'
test_data = Garbage_Loader(test_list, train_flag=False)
test_loader = DataLoader(dataset=test_data, num_workers=1, pin_memory=True, batch_size=1)
model = models.resnet50(pretrained=False)
fc_inputs = model.fc.in_features
model.fc = nn.Linear(fc_inputs, 214)
model = model.cuda()
# 加载训练好的模型
checkpoint = torch.load('model_best_checkpoint_resnet50.pth.tar')
model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['state_dict'])
model.eval()
for i, (image, label) in enumerate(test_loader):
src = image.numpy()
src = src.reshape(3, 224, 224)
src = np.transpose(src, (1, 2, 0))
image = image.cuda()
label = label.cuda()
pred = model(image)
pred = pred.data.cpu().numpy()[0]
score = softmax(pred)
pred_id = np.argmax(score)
plt.imshow(src)
print('预测结果：', labels[pred_id][0])
plt.show()这里需要注意的是，DataLoader 读取的数据需要进行通道转换，才能显示。
预测结果：
感谢各位的阅读，以上就是“Pytorch怎么实现简单的垃圾分类”的内容了，经过本文的学习后，相信大家对Pytorch怎么实现简单的垃圾分类这一问题有了更深刻的体会，具体使用情况还需要大家实践验证。这里是亿速云，小编将为大家推送更多相关知识点的文章，欢迎关注！
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