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# Java实现ATM模拟应用
## 1. 项目概述
ATM(Automatic Teller Machine)自动取款机是现代银行业务的重要终端设备。本项目使用Java语言模拟实现ATM的核心功能，包括：
- 用户账户管理
- 现金存取款
- 转账汇款
- 查询交易记录
- 修改密码等基础功能
通过控制台交互方式，模拟真实ATM的操作流程，适合Java初学者练习面向对象编程和基础IO操作。
## 2. 系统设计
### 2.1 类结构设计
```java
// 核心类图
classDiagram
class ATM{
-bankService: BankService
+start() void
+showMenu() void
}
class BankService{
-accounts: Map<String, Account>
+validateAccount() boolean
+withdraw() boolean
+deposit() boolean
+transfer() boolean
}
class Account{
-accountNumber: String
-password: String
-balance: double
-transactions: List<Transaction>
+checkBalance() double
+updatePassword() void
}
class Transaction{
-type: String
-amount: double
-timestamp: LocalDateTime
}
ATM --> BankService
BankService --> Account
Account --> Transaction
graph TD
A[启动ATM] --> B[插入银行卡]
B --> C[输入密码]
C --> D{验证密码}
D -->|成功| E[显示主菜单]
D -->|失败| F[提示错误]
E --> G[选择服务]
G --> H[执行交易]
H --> I[打印凭条?]
I -->|是| J[打印交易详情]
I -->|否| K[返回主菜单]
public class Account {
private String accountNumber;
private String password;
private double balance;
private List<Transaction> transactions;
// 构造方法
public Account(String accountNumber, String password, double initialDeposit) {
this.accountNumber = accountNumber;
this.password = password;
this.balance = initialDeposit;
this.transactions = new ArrayList<>();
transactions.add(new Transaction("开户存款", initialDeposit));
}
// 查询余额
public double checkBalance() {
return balance;
}
// 取款方法
public boolean withdraw(double amount) {
if(amount > 0 && amount <= balance) {
balance -= amount;
transactions.add(new Transaction("取款", amount));
return true;
}
return false;
}
// 存款方法
public void deposit(double amount) {
if(amount > 0) {
balance += amount;
transactions.add(new Transaction("存款", amount));
}
}
// 修改密码
public void updatePassword(String newPassword) {
this.password = newPassword;
}
// 获取交易记录
public List<Transaction> getTransactions() {
return new ArrayList<>(transactions);
}
}
public class BankService {
private Map<String, Account> accounts;
public BankService() {
accounts = new HashMap<>();
// 初始化测试账户
accounts.put("123456", new Account("123456", "8888", 1000));
accounts.put("654321", new Account("654321", "6666", 5000));
}
// 验证账户
public boolean validateAccount(String accountNumber, String password) {
Account account = accounts.get(accountNumber);
return account != null && account.getPassword().equals(password);
}
// 转账业务
public boolean transfer(String fromAccount, String toAccount, double amount) {
Account source = accounts.get(fromAccount);
Account target = accounts.get(toAccount);
if(source == null || target == null) return false;
if(source.withdraw(amount)) {
target.deposit(amount);
source.addTransaction(new Transaction("转出到"+toAccount, amount));
target.addTransaction(new Transaction("转入自"+fromAccount, amount));
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ATM {
private BankService bankService;
private Account currentAccount;
private Scanner scanner;
public ATM() {
bankService = new BankService();
scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
}
public void start() {
System.out.println("=== 欢迎使用ATM系统 ===");
login();
}
private void login() {
System.out.print("请输入账号: ");
String accountNumber = scanner.next();
System.out.print("请输入密码: ");
String password = scanner.next();
if(bankService.validateAccount(accountNumber, password)) {
currentAccount = bankService.getAccount(accountNumber);
showMainMenu();
} else {
System.out.println("账号或密码错误！");
login();
}
}
private void showMainMenu() {
System.out.println("\n=== 主菜单 ===");
System.out.println("1. 查询余额");
System.out.println("2. 取款");
System.out.println("3. 存款");
System.out.println("4. 转账");
System.out.println("5. 交易记录");
System.out.println("6. 修改密码");
System.out.println("7. 退出");
System.out.print("请选择操作: ");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
handleChoice(choice);
}
private void handleChoice(int choice) {
switch(choice) {
case 1: checkBalance(); break;
case 2: withdraw(); break;
case 3: deposit(); break;
case 4: transfer(); break;
case 5: showTransactions(); break;
case 6: changePassword(); break;
case 7: exit(); break;
default:
System.out.println("无效选择！");
showMainMenu();
}
}
// 各功能方法实现...
}
// 示例：自定义异常类
public class ATMException extends Exception {
public ATMException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}
// 在服务中的使用
public void withdraw(double amount) throws ATMException {
if(amount <= 0) {
throw new ATMException("取款金额必须大于0");
}
if(amount > balance) {
throw new ATMException("余额不足");
}
// ...正常处理逻辑
}
// 使用文件存储账户数据
public class AccountRepository {
private static final String FILE_PATH = "accounts.dat";
public void saveAccounts(Map<String, Account> accounts) {
try(ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(FILE_PATH))) {
oos.writeObject(accounts);
} catch(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public Map<String, Account> loadAccounts() {
File file = new File(FILE_PATH);
if(!file.exists()) return new HashMap<>();
try(ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(
new FileInputStream(FILE_PATH))) {
return (Map<String, Account>) ois.readObject();
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return new HashMap<>();
}
}
}
// 使用JavaFX实现图形界面
public class ATMGUI extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
VBox root = new VBox(10);
root.setPadding(new Insets(20));
Label title = new Label("ATM系统");
title.setStyle("-fx-font-size: 24px;");
GridPane grid = new GridPane();
grid.setHgap(10);
grid.setVgap(10);
// 添加UI控件...
root.getChildren().addAll(title, grid);
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 400, 300);
primaryStage.setTitle("ATM模拟系统");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
}
public class AccountTest {
@Test
public void testWithdrawSuccess() {
Account account = new Account("123", "1111", 1000);
assertTrue(account.withdraw(500));
assertEquals(500, account.checkBalance(), 0.001);
}
@Test
public void testWithdrawFailure() {
Account account = new Account("123", "1111", 1000);
assertFalse(account.withdraw(1500));
assertEquals(1000, account.checkBalance(), 0.001);
}
}
测试场景：完整转账流程
1. 用户A(余额1000)登录
2. 选择转账功能
3. 输入用户B账号
4. 输入转账金额500
5. 确认交易
验证：
- 用户A余额变为500
- 用户B余额增加500
- 双方交易记录中均有对应记录
本项目实现了ATM系统的基础功能，主要特点包括： 1. 采用面向对象设计原则 2. 实现MVC分层架构 3. 包含完整的业务逻辑验证 4. 提供可扩展的接口设计
未来改进方向： - 增加生物识别登录（指纹/人脸） - 实现跨行转账功能 - 添加多语言支持 - 开发移动端应用 - 集成短信验证等安全措施
完整项目代码已托管至GitHub：ATM-Simulation-Java
”`
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