Python怎么实现猜数字游戏

# Python怎么实现猜数字游戏

## 引言

猜数字游戏是编程初学者最经典的练手项目之一。这个看似简单的游戏涵盖了输入输出、条件判断、循环结构、随机数生成等编程核心概念。本文将详细介绍如何用Python实现一个功能完整的猜数字游戏，并逐步扩展其功能。

## 基础版本实现

### 1. 游戏核心逻辑

```python
import random

def guess_number():
    # 生成随机数字
    secret_number = random.randint(1, 100)
    attempts = 0
    
    print("欢迎来到猜数字游戏！")
    print("我已经想好了一个1到100之间的整数，请开始猜测吧。")
    
    while True:
        try:
            # 获取用户输入
            guess = int(input("请输入你的猜测: "))
            attempts += 1
            
            # 判断猜测结果
            if guess < secret_number:
                print("太小了！再试一次。")
            elif guess > secret_number:
                print("太大了！再试一次。")
            else:
                print(f"恭喜你！猜对了！正确答案是{secret_number}。")
                print(f"你总共尝试了{attempts}次。")
                break
        except ValueError:
            print("请输入有效的整数！")

# 启动游戏
guess_number()

2. 代码解析

1. 随机数生成：random.randint(1, 100)生成1到100之间的随机整数
2. 循环结构：while True创建无限循环，直到猜中才退出
3. 异常处理：try-except捕获非数字输入
4. 条件判断：通过if-elif-else比较用户猜测与答案

功能扩展

1. 添加难度选择

def select_difficulty():
    print("请选择难度级别:")
    print("1. 简单 (1-50, 10次机会)")
    print("2. 中等 (1-100, 7次机会)")
    print("3. 困难 (1-200, 5次机会)")
    
    while True:
        choice = input("请输入难度编号(1/2/3): ")
        if choice in ['1', '2', '3']:
            return int(choice)
        print("无效输入，请重新选择！")

def enhanced_guess_number():
    difficulty = select_difficulty()
    
    # 根据难度设置参数
    if difficulty == 1:
        max_num, max_attempts = 50, 10
    elif difficulty == 2:
        max_num, max_attempts = 100, 7
    else:
        max_num, max_attempts = 200, 5
    
    secret_number = random.randint(1, max_num)
    attempts = 0
    
    print(f"\n游戏开始！数字范围1-{max_num}，你有{max_attempts}次机会。")
    
    while attempts < max_attempts:
        try:
            guess = int(input(f"第{attempts+1}次尝试: "))
            attempts += 1
            
            if guess < secret_number:
                print("太小了！")
            elif guess > secret_number:
                print("太大了！")
            else:
                print(f"太棒了！你在第{attempts}次猜中了数字{secret_number}！")
                return
                
            # 显示剩余次数
            remaining = max_attempts - attempts
            if remaining > 0:
                print(f"剩余尝试次数: {remaining}")
            else:
                print("很遗憾，机会用完了！")
                print(f"正确答案是: {secret_number}")
        except ValueError:
            print("请输入有效数字！")

enhanced_guess_number()

2. 添加游戏统计功能

game_stats = {'wins': 0, 'losses': 0, 'total_attempts': 0}

def show_stats():
    total_games = game_stats['wins'] + game_stats['losses']
    avg_attempts = game_stats['total_attempts'] / game_stats['wins'] if game_stats['wins'] > 0 else 0
    
    print("\n=== 游戏统计 ===")
    print(f"总游戏次数: {total_games}")
    print(f"胜利次数: {game_stats['wins']}")
    print(f"失败次数: {game_stats['losses']}")
    print(f"平均尝试次数: {avg_attempts:.1f}")

def stats_guess_number():
    while True:
        enhanced_guess_number()
        
        # 更新统计
        play_again = input("\n想再玩一次吗？(y/n): ").lower()
        if play_again != 'y':
            show_stats()
            break

高级功能实现

1. 添加提示系统

def give_hint(secret, guess):
    difference = abs(secret - guess)
    
    if difference >= 50:
        return "距离非常远"
    elif difference >= 25:
        return "距离比较远"
    elif difference >= 10:
        return "有点接近了"
    elif difference >= 5:
        return "非常接近了"
    else:
        return "几乎就在眼前！"

def hint_guess_number():
    secret_number = random.randint(1, 100)
    attempts = 0
    
    print("提示系统已激活！")
    
    while True:
        try:
            guess = int(input("你的猜测: "))
            attempts += 1
            
            if guess == secret_number:
                print(f"正确！用了{attempts}次猜测。")
                break
                
            print(give_hint(secret_number, guess))
        except ValueError:
            print("请输入数字！")

2. 图形界面版本(Pygame)

import pygame
import sys

def pygame_guess_number():
    pygame.init()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))
    pygame.display.set_caption("猜数字游戏")
    
    font = pygame.font.SysFont('Arial', 24)
    secret = random.randint(1, 100)
    guess = ""
    message = "猜1-100之间的数字:"
    attempts = 0
    
    while True:
        screen.fill((240, 240, 240))
        
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_RETURN:
                    try:
                        num = int(guess)
                        attempts += 1
                        
                        if num < secret:
                            message = f"{num} 太小了！"
                        elif num > secret:
                            message = f"{num} 太大了！"
                        else:
                            message = f"正确！用了{attempts}次"
                    except:
                        message = "输入无效！"
                    guess = ""
                elif event.key == pygame.K_BACKSPACE:
                    guess = guess[:-1]
                elif event.unicode.isdigit():
                    guess += event.unicode
        
        # 渲染文本
        text_surface = font.render(message, True, (0, 0, 0))
        input_surface = font.render(guess, True, (50, 50, 200))
        
        screen.blit(text_surface, (20, 50))
        screen.blit(input_surface, (20, 100))
        
        pygame.display.flip()

总结

通过这个项目，我们实现了：

1. 基础猜数字功能
2. 难度分级系统
3. 游戏统计记录
4. 智能提示功能
5. 图形界面版本

完整代码可以进一步优化：

• 添加分数系统
• 实现多人对战模式
• 加入时间限制
• 保存玩家记录到文件

猜数字游戏虽小，却涵盖了Python编程的诸多核心概念，是学习编程的绝佳练手项目。希望本文能帮助你掌握Python基础语法并激发编程兴趣！ “`