如何使用sentry对hive进行权限管理？

如何使用sentry对hive进行权限管理？相信很多新手小白对此束手无策，通过这篇文章的总结，希望你能找到解决的方法。

背景：
1、Apache Sentry是Cloudera公司发布的一个Hadoop开源组件，它提供了细粒度级、基于角色的授权以及多租户的管理模式，
2、Sentry当前可以和Hive/Hcatalog、Apache Solr 和Cloudera Impala集成， 为这些组件提供权限管理服务。
3、基于角色的管理（role-based acess control）通过创建角色，将每个组件的权限授予给此角色，然后在用户(组)中添加此角色，用户便具备此角色访问组件的权限，
4、使用sentry对hive进行权限管理时，这里的组件可以是整个server，也可以是单个db,或者单张table.

测试如下：
1.1 查看全部数据库
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "show databases;"

我尝试的先创建一个库 报错如下：
[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "create database test;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
User hive does not have privileges for CREATEDATABASE   用户配置单元没有CREATEDATABASE的特权
The required privileges: Server=uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1->action=create->grantOption=false; (state=42000,code=40000)
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000

1.2 查看全部角色
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "show roles;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+-------+
| role  |
+-------+
+-------+
No rows selected (1.151 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000
// 用户角色为空

1.3 查看当前角色
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "show current roles;"
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 2.3.3)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+-------+
| role  |
+-------+
+-------+
No rows selected (0.446 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000
// 显示当前没有任何的角色

1.4 查看当前用户
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "select current_user();"
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 2.3.3)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+-------+
|  _c0  |
+-------+
| hive  |
+-------+
1 row selected (1.124 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000

// 当前操作hiveserver2的用户是hive

1. hive用户授予管理员权限
   2.1 创建管理员角色admin
   beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "CREATE ROLE admin;"

2.2 为admin角色授予全部server权限
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive        // 进入到hiveserver2的内部之后执行如下：
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> grant all on server uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 to role admin;
No rows affected (0.491 seconds)

2.3 为hive用户赋予admin角色
//经过这一步，hive用户已经可以作为管理员用户执行全部数据和权限操作。
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "GRANT ROLE admin TO GROUP hive;"

create table student(
Sno char(9) COMMENT '用户ID',
Sname char(20) ,
Ssex char(2),
Sage int,
Sdept char(20)
);

insert into student values(200215121,'李勇','男',20,'CS');

没有出现中文乱码的问题，请测
验证方式需要：
show create table xxx;
desc xxx;
desc formatted xxx;
查看3种方式是不是都没有中文乱码的问题

1. 创建测试数据库（使用hive用户创建）
   3.1 创建测试db1,db2
   //使用管理员用户登陆，创建db1,db2两个数据库。
   beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "create database db1;create database db2;"

// 创建测试表，并插入数据

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "create table db1.t1(id string);"

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "insert into  db1.t1  values ('t1_001'),('t1_002');"

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "create table db2.t2(id string);"

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "insert into  db2.t2  values ('t2_001'),('t2_002');"

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> use db1;
No rows affected (0.173 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show tables;
+-----------+
| tab_name  |
+-----------+
| t1        |
+-----------+
1 row selected (0.208 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> select * from t1;
+---------+
|  t1.id  |
+---------+
| t1_001  |
| t1_002  |
+---------+
2 rows selected (0.294 seconds)

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> select * from db2.t2;
+---------+
|  t2.id  |
+---------+
| t2_001  |
| t2_002  |
+---------+
2 rows selected (0.304 seconds)

3.2 master1,master2节点上创建linux测试用户user1, user2
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin user1

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin user2

cat /etc/passwd
user1:x:1004:1005::/home/user1:/sbin/nologin
user2:x:1005:1006::/home/user2:/sbin/nologin

3.3 hive中创建两个角色，分别授予不同的角色权限
//创建角色role1, 授予其对db1的管理权限
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "CREATE ROLE role1;"
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "grant all on database db1 to role role1 with grant option;"

//创建角色role2, 授予其对db2的管理权限
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "CREATE ROLE role2;"
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "grant all on database db2 to role role2 with grant option;"

// show grant role role1; (查看role1角色的权限列表)
// show grant role role2; (查看role2角色的权限列表)

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show grant role role1;
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| database  | table  | partition  | column  | principal_name  | principal_type  | privilege  | grant_option  |   grant_time   | grantor  |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| db1       |        |            |         | role1           | ROLE            |          | true          | 1583739035000  | --       |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.215 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show grant role role2;
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| database  | table  | partition  | column  | principal_name  | principal_type  | privilege  | grant_option  |   grant_time   | grantor  |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| db2       |        |            |         | role2           | ROLE            |          | true          | 1583739057000  | --       |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.119 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show grant role admin;
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| database  | table  | partition  | column  | principal_name  | principal_type  | privilege  | grant_option  |   grant_time   | grantor  |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
|         |        |            |         | admin           | ROLE            |          | false         | 1583737318000  | --       |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.131 seconds)

3.4 管理员用户登陆hive,为两个用户赋予不同的角色
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "GRANT ROLE role1 TO GROUP user1;"

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "GRANT ROLE role2 TO GROUP user2;"

// show role grant group user1 (查看user1的角色列表)
// show role grant group user2（查看user2的角色列表）
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show role grant group user1;
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
|  role  | grant_option  | grant_time  | grantor  |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
| role1  | false         | 0           | --       |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.144 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show role grant group user2;
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
|  role  | grant_option  | grant_time  | grantor  |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
| role2  | false         | 0           | --       |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.125 seconds)

4 使用user1, user2用户登陆，验证权限隔离
//user1登陆，只能看到db1数据库
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user1 -e "show databases;"

// user2用户登陆，只能看到db2数据库
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user2 -e "show databases;"

1. 其他使用测试
   5.1 将role从角色中剔除
   REVOKE ROLE role1 FROM GROUP user1;
   删除role
   //先查看角色列表
   show roles

// 删除角色
drop role role2;

角色权限撤销
// 先查看角色当前授权信息
show grant role role1;

// 将db1的操作权限从role1撤销
revoke all on database db1 from role role1;

授权语句说明：
角色授权和撤销
GRANT ROLE role_name [, role_name] TO GROUP <groupName> [,GROUP <groupName>]
REVOKE ROLE role_name [, role_name] FROM GROUP <groupName> [,GROUP <groupName>]

权限的授予和撤销
GRANT <PRIVILEGE> [, <PRIVILEGE> ] ON <OBJECT> <object_name> TO ROLE <roleName> [,ROLE <roleName>]
REVOKE <PRIVILEGE> [, <PRIVILEGE> ] ON <OBJECT> <object_name> FROM ROLE <roleName> [,ROLE <roleName>]

查看角色/组权限
SHOW ROLES;
SHOW CURRENT ROLES;
SHOW ROLE GRANT GROUP <groupName>;
SHOW GRANT ROLE <roleName>;
SHOW GRANT ROLE <roleName> on OBJECT <objectName>;

查看所有的角色
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show roles;
+--------+
|  role  |
+--------+
| admin  |
| role1  |
| role2  |
+--------+
3 rows selected (0.12 seconds)

#将某个数据库读权限授予给某个role
GRANT SELECT ON DATABASE db_name TO ROLE role_name;

#将test 表的 S1 列的读权限授权给role_name （TABLE也可以不写）
GRANT SELECT(s1) ON TABLE test TO ROLE role_name;

#test表的select 权限给 role_name 角色
GRANT SELECT ON TABLE test TO ROLE role_name;

例子：
目前有2个用户
user1   // 有db1下t1 表的所有权限
user2   // 有db2下t2 表的所有权限

目前有角色
+--------+
|  role  |
+--------+
| admin  |   //所有库的最高权限 all
| role1  |   // 只有db1库的所有权限
| role2  |  // 只有db2库下的所有权限
+--------+

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show databases;
+------------------------+
|     database_name      |
+------------------------+
| db1                    |    
| db2                    |
| default                |
| temp                   |    
| test_hive_ucloud10086  |
+------------------------+

[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user2 -e "select * from db2.t2;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+---------+
|  t2.id  |
+---------+
| t2_001  |
| t2_002  |
+---------+
2 rows selected (0.631 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user2 -e "insert into  db2.t2  values ('t2_003'),('t2_004');"
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 2.3.3)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 2.3.3)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
No rows affected (25.708 seconds)

再查询一次，ok 插入成功
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+---------+
|  t2.id  |
+---------+
| t2_001  |
| t2_002  |
| t2_003  |
| t2_004  |
+---------+
4 rows selected (0.605 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000

接下来，我有个需求，我想把temp下的student表给user2开放
首先user2对于的role2角色要有temp库的select权限
然后再把temp库下的student表的select权限给到role2 这个角色
那么user2属于role2 角色下 自然就有了temp下的student表的select权限

GRANT SELECT ON TABLE temp.student TO ROLE role2;

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> GRANT SELECT ON TABLE temp.student TO ROLE role2;
No rows affected (0.145 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show role grant group user2;
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
|  role  | grant_option  | grant_time  | grantor  |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
| role2  | false         | 0           | --       |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.129 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show grant role role2;
+-----------+----------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| database  |  table   | partition  | column  | principal_name  | principal_type  | privilege  | grant_option  |   grant_time   | grantor  |
+-----------+----------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| db2       |          |            |         | role2           | ROLE            | *          | true          | 1583739057000  | --       |
| temp      | student  |            |         | role2           | ROLE            | SELECT     | false         | 1583740481000  | --       |
+-----------+----------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
2 rows selected (0.125 seconds)

验证如下：
[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user2 -e "show databases;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+----------------+
| database_name  |
+----------------+
| db2            |
| default        |
| temp           |
+----------------+
3 rows selected (0.614 seconds)

[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user2 -e "use temp;show tables;"
No rows affected (0.476 seconds)
+-----------+
| tab_name  |
+-----------+
| student   |
+-----------+
1 row selected (0.282 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user2 -e "select * from temp.student;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+--------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------------+
| student.sno  |     student.sname     | student.ssex  | student.sage  |     student.sdept     |
+--------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------------+
| 200215121    | 李勇                    | 男             | 20            | CS                    |
+--------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------------+
1 row selected (0.667 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive

[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user2 -e "insert into temp.student values(100215122,'刘晨','女',19,'CS');"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
User user2 does not have privileges for QUERY  // 用户user2没有QUERY的特权
The required privileges: Server=uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1->Db=temp->Table=student->action=insert->grantOption=false; (state=42000,code=40000)
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000

看完上述内容，你们掌握使用sentry对hive进行权限管理？的方法了吗？如果还想学到更多技能或想了解更多相关内容，欢迎关注亿速云行业资讯频道，感谢各位的阅读！