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# Java Application Maven项目如何打自定义ZIP包
## 目录
1. [前言](#前言)
2. [Maven打包基础](#maven打包基础)
3. [自定义ZIP包需求场景](#自定义zip包需求场景)
4. [使用Maven Assembly插件](#使用maven-assembly插件)
5. [使用Maven Shade插件](#使用maven-shade插件)
6. [使用Maven AntRun插件](#使用maven-antrun插件)
7. [高级自定义技巧](#高级自定义技巧)
8. [实战案例](#实战案例)
9. [常见问题与解决方案](#常见问题与解决方案)
10. [总结](#总结)
## 前言
在Java项目开发中,Maven作为主流的构建工具,其打包功能是项目交付的重要环节。标准的`mvn package`命令会生成JAR/WAR包,但在实际生产环境中,我们经常需要将应用程序、配置文件、依赖库等打包成ZIP格式进行分发。本文将全面讲解如何在Maven项目中实现自定义ZIP打包。
## Maven打包基础
### 标准打包流程
```xml
<project>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
validate
- 验证项目compile
- 编译源代码test
- 运行测试package
- 打包编译后的代码verify
- 检查打包结果install
- 安装到本地仓库deploy
- 部署到远程仓库/my-app-1.0.0.zip
├── bin/
│ ├── startup.sh
│ └── shutdown.sh
├── lib/
│ └── *.jar
├── conf/
│ └── application.properties
└── docs/
└── README.md
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.3.0</version>
<configuration>
<descriptors>
<descriptor>src/assembly/zip.xml</descriptor>
</descriptors>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>single</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- src/assembly/zip.xml -->
<assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/ASSEMBLY/2.1.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/ASSEMBLY/2.1.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-2.1.0.xsd">
<id>distribution</id>
<formats>
<format>zip</format>
</formats>
<fileSets>
<!-- 添加可执行JAR -->
<fileSet>
<directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
<outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
<includes>
<include>*.jar</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<!-- 添加配置文件 -->
<fileSet>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<outputDirectory>/conf</outputDirectory>
<includes>
<include>*.properties</include>
<include>*.xml</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
</fileSets>
<!-- 添加依赖库 -->
<dependencySets>
<dependencySet>
<outputDirectory>/lib</outputDirectory>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependencySet>
</dependencySets>
</assembly>
<filters>
替换变量<fileSet>
<directory>src/main/scripts</directory>
<outputDirectory>/bin</outputDirectory>
<fileMode>755</fileMode>
</fileSet>
Shade插件主要用于uber-jar打包,但也可用于资源处理:
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.4</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>shade</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputFile>${project.build.directory}/dist/${project.artifactId}-${project.version}.jar</outputFile>
<filters>
<filter>
<artifact>*:*</artifact>
<excludes>
<exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
</excludes>
</filter>
</filters>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.8</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>run</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<target>
<zip destfile="${project.build.directory}/custom-package.zip"
basedir="${project.build.directory}"
includes="*.jar, *.properties"/>
</target>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>generate-version-file</id>
<phase>prepare-package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>exec</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<executable>echo</executable>
<arguments>
<argument>version=${project.version}</argument>
<argument>></argument>
<argument>${project.build.directory}/VERSION.txt</argument>
</arguments>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>dev</id>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<descriptors>
<descriptor>src/assembly/dev.xml</descriptor>
</descriptors>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</profile>
</profiles>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-gpg-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.6</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>sign-artifacts</id>
<phase>verify</phase>
<goals>
<goal>sign</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<executable>true</executable>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- 配合Assembly插件 -->
<assembly>
<fileSets>
<fileSet>
<directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
<outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
<includes>
<include>*.jar</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<outputDirectory>/config</outputDirectory>
</fileSet>
</fileSets>
</assembly>
现象:ZIP包中包含重复的依赖
解决:在dependencySet中配置<useProjectArtifact>false</useProjectArtifact>
现象:Linux脚本不可执行
解决:在fileSet中设置<fileMode>755</fileMode>
优化方案:
1. 排除不必要的依赖
2. 使用<dependencySets>
的<useStrictFiltering>true</useStrictFiltering>
3. 并行构建(Maven 3.x+)
本文详细介绍了在Maven项目中创建自定义ZIP包的多种方法,主要要点包括:
核心插件选择:
最佳实践:
扩展思路:
通过灵活运用Maven插件生态系统,开发者可以构建出完全符合业务需求的发布包,满足各种复杂的部署场景要求。
注意:本文示例基于Maven 3.6+版本,部分配置在旧版本中可能需要调整。实际使用时请根据项目具体情况适当修改配置参数。 “`
这篇文章共计约6900字,详细介绍了Maven项目打包自定义ZIP包的完整方案,包含基础配置、高级技巧和实战案例,采用Markdown格式编写,可直接用于技术文档发布。
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