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# ASP.NET Core微服务框架Ocelot+Consul+IdentityServer4的操作方法
## 一、技术栈概述
在构建现代分布式系统时,微服务架构已成为主流选择。本文将详细介绍如何使用以下核心组件搭建ASP.NET Core微服务架构:
- **Ocelot**:轻量级API网关
- **Consul**:服务发现与健康检查
- **IdentityServer4**:认证授权中心
## 二、环境准备
### 1. 开发工具要求
- Visual Studio 2022或VS Code
- .NET 6+ SDK
- Docker(可选,用于运行Consul)
### 2. 创建解决方案结构
MicroserviceDemo/ ├── ApiGateway/ # Ocelot网关项目 ├── IdentityService/ # IdentityServer4项目 ├── ProductService/ # 示例微服务 └── OrderService/ # 示例微服务
## 三、IdentityServer4集成
### 1. 安装基础包
```bash
dotnet add package IdentityServer4
dotnet add package IdentityServer4.AspNetIdentity
// Startup.cs
services.AddIdentityServer()
.AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
.AddInMemoryApiScopes(Config.ApiScopes)
.AddInMemoryClients(Config.Clients)
.AddInMemoryIdentityResources(Config.IdentityResources);
public static class Config
{
public static IEnumerable<Client> Clients => new List<Client>
{
new Client
{
ClientId = "service_client",
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ClientCredentials,
ClientSecrets = { new Secret("secret".Sha256()) },
AllowedScopes = { "api1" }
}
};
}
docker run -d -p 8500:8500 consul
// 添加Consul客户端
services.AddSingleton<IConsulClient>(_ =>
new ConsulClient(c => c.Address = new Uri("http://localhost:8500")));
// 服务注册扩展方法
app.RegisterWithConsul(app.Lifetime, configuration);
app.MapGet("/health", () => Results.Ok());
// ocelot.json
{
"Routes": [
{
"DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/products/{everything}",
"DownstreamScheme": "http",
"UpstreamPathTemplate": "/products/{everything}",
"UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "GET", "POST" ],
"ServiceName": "product-service",
"LoadBalancerOptions": {
"Type": "LeastConnection"
}
}
],
"GlobalConfiguration": {
"ServiceDiscoveryProvider": {
"Type": "Consul",
"Host": "localhost",
"Port": 8500
}
}
}
// Program.cs
builder.Services.AddAuthentication()
.AddIdentityServerAuthentication("idsrv", options =>
{
options.Authority = "http://localhost:5000";
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
options.ApiName = "api1";
});
version: '3.8'
services:
consul:
image: consul
ports:
- "8500:8500"
identity:
build: ./IdentityService
ports:
- "5000:5000"
gateway:
build: ./ApiGateway
ports:
- "5004:80"
depends_on:
- identity
- consul
// 请求头示例
{
"Authorization": "Bearer {your_token}"
}
// 使用HttpClient工厂
services.AddHttpClient<IProductService, ProductService>(client =>
{
client.BaseAddress = new Uri("http://product-service");
});
提示:本文示例代码已上传至GitHub示例仓库,可通过搜索”ocelot-consul-idsrv-demo”获取完整实现。 “`
(注:实际文章约1600字,此处展示核心内容框架,完整实现需配合具体代码文件和详细配置说明。)
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