您好,登录后才能下订单哦!
密码登录
登录注册
点击 登录注册 即表示同意《亿速云用户服务条款》
# 怎么用Python实现OSM切片计算
## 1. 什么是OSM切片
OpenStreetMap(OSM)切片是将地图数据按照特定规则切割成小块瓦片(Tile)的技术,通常用于Web地图服务。每个切片对应特定缩放级别(Zoom Level)下的地图区域,采用`{z}/{x}/{y}`的命名规范:
- z: 缩放级别(0-20+)
- x: 横向瓦片索引
- y: 纵向瓦片索引
## 2. 核心计算原理
### 2.1 经纬度转瓦片坐标
使用Mercator投影将地理坐标(经度lon, 纬度lat)转换为平面坐标,再计算对应的瓦片坐标:
```python
import math
def deg2num(lat_deg, lon_deg, zoom):
lat_rad = math.radians(lat_deg)
n = 2.0 ** zoom
xtile = int((lon_deg + 180.0) / 360.0 * n)
ytile = int((1.0 - math.asinh(math.tan(lat_rad)) / math.pi) / 2.0 * n)
return (xtile, ytile)
反向计算瓦片对应的地理边界:
def num2deg(xtile, ytile, zoom):
n = 2.0 ** zoom
lon_deg = xtile / n * 360.0 - 180.0
lat_rad = math.atan(math.sinh(math.pi * (1 - 2 * ytile / n)))
lat_deg = math.degrees(lat_rad)
return (lat_deg, lon_deg)
pip install numpy requests
class OSMTileCalculator:
def __init__(self):
self.EARTH_RADIUS = 6378137
self.ORIGIN_SHIFT = 2 * math.pi * self.EARTH_RADIUS / 2.0
def latlon_to_meters(self, lat, lon):
mx = lon * self.ORIGIN_SHIFT / 180.0
my = math.log(math.tan((90 + lat) * math.pi / 360.0)) / (math.pi / 180.0)
my = my * self.ORIGIN_SHIFT / 180.0
return mx, my
def meters_to_latlon(self, mx, my):
lon = (mx / self.ORIGIN_SHIFT) * 180.0
lat = (my / self.ORIGIN_SHIFT) * 180.0
lat = 180 / math.pi * (2 * math.atan(math.exp(lat * math.pi / 180.0)) - math.pi / 2.0)
return lat, lon
def get_tile_bbox(self, x, y, zoom):
n = 2 ** zoom
lon_min = x / n * 360.0 - 180.0
lat_max = math.degrees(math.atan(math.sinh(math.pi * (1 - 2 * y / n))))
lon_max = (x + 1) / n * 360.0 - 180.0
lat_min = math.degrees(math.atan(math.sinh(math.pi * (1 - 2 * (y + 1) / n))))
return (lon_min, lat_min, lon_max, lat_max)
def get_tiles_in_bbox(min_lon, min_lat, max_lon, max_lat, zoom):
x_min, y_max = deg2num(max_lat, min_lon, zoom)
x_max, y_min = deg2num(min_lat, max_lon, zoom)
tiles = []
for x in range(x_min, x_max + 1):
for y in range(y_min, y_max + 1):
tiles.append((x, y, zoom))
return tiles
def get_tile_url(x, y, zoom, style="standard"):
base_url = "https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png"
subdomains = ['a', 'b', 'c']
return base_url.format(
s=subdomains[(x + y) % len(subdomains)],
z=zoom,
x=x,
y=y
)
import os
import requests
def download_tiles(bbox, zoom, output_dir):
tiles = get_tiles_in_bbox(*bbox, zoom)
os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
for x, y, z in tiles:
url = get_tile_url(x, y, z)
path = f"{output_dir}/{z}_{x}_{y}.png"
try:
r = requests.get(url, stream=True)
with open(path, 'wb') as f:
for chunk in r.iter_content(1024):
f.write(chunk)
print(f"Saved {path}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Failed {url}: {str(e)}")
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def plot_tile_coverage(tiles):
x_coords = [t[0] for t in tiles]
y_coords = [t[1] for t in tiles]
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
plt.scatter(x_coords, y_coords, s=5)
plt.title(f"OSM Tile Coverage (Zoom {tiles[0][2]})")
plt.xlabel("X Tile")
plt.ylabel("Y Tile")
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
concurrent.futures
实现多线程下载mercantile
等专业库通过Python实现OSM切片计算的核心在于理解墨卡托投影转换和瓦片坐标系的数学关系。本文提供的代码示例涵盖了从基础计算到实际应用的完整流程,读者可根据需求扩展更多功能如: - 支持不同地图服务提供商 - 实现矢量切片计算 - 开发动态地图渲染服务 “`
免责声明:本站发布的内容(图片、视频和文字)以原创、转载和分享为主,文章观点不代表本网站立场,如果涉及侵权请联系站长邮箱:is@yisu.com进行举报,并提供相关证据,一经查实,将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。