Hive命令操作的示例分析

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1、准备文本文件，启动hadoop[root@hadoop0 ~]# cat /opt/test.txt
JieJie
MengMeng
NingNing
JingJing
FengJie
[root@hadoop0 ~]# start-all.sh
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.
starting namenode, logging to /opt/hadoop/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-namenode-hadoop0.out
localhost: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-datanode-hadoop0.out
localhost: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /opt/hadoop/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-secondarynamenode-hadoop0.out
starting jobtracker, logging to /opt/hadoop/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-jobtracker-hadoop0.out
localhost: starting tasktracker, logging to /opt/hadoop/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-tasktracker-hadoop0.out
2、进入命令行[root@hadoop0 ~]# hive
WARNING: org.apache.hadoop.metrics.jvm.EventCounter is deprecated. Please use org.apache.hadoop.log.metrics.EventCounter in all the log4j.properties files.
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/hive/lib/hive-common-0.9.0.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
Hive history file=/tmp/root/hive_job_log_root_201509252001_1674268419.txt
3、查询昨天的表hive> select * from stu;
OK
JieJie 26       NULL
MM 24   NULL
Time taken: 17.05 seconds
4、显示数据库hive> show databases; 
OK
default
Time taken: 0.237 seconds
5、创建数据库hive> create database test; 
OK
Time taken: 0.259 seconds
hive> show databases;       
OK
default
test
6、使用数据库Time taken: 0.119 seconds
hive> use test;
OK
Time taken: 0.03 seconds
7、创建表textfile 默认格式，数据不做压缩，磁盘开销大，数据解析开销大。
可结合Gzip、Bzip2使用（系统自动检查，执行查询时自动解压），但使用这种方式，hive不会对数据进行切分，从而无法对数据进行并行操作。
SequenceFile是Hadoop API提供的一种二进制文件支持，其具有使用方便、可分割、可压缩的特点。
SequenceFile支持三种压缩选择：NONE, RECORD, BLOCK。 Record压缩率低，一般建议使用BLOCK压缩
rcfile是一种行列存储相结合的存储方式。首先，其将数据按行分块，保证同一个record在一个块上，避免读一个记录需要读取多个block。其次，块数据列式存储，有利于数据压缩和快速的列存取。
hive>  create table test1(str STRING)  STORED AS TEXTFILE; 
OK
Time taken: 0.598 seconds
--加载数据
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/opt/test.txt' INTO TABLE test1; 
Copying data from file:/opt/test.txt
Copying file: file:/opt/test.txt
Loading data to table test.test1
OK
Time taken: 1.657 seconds
hive> select * from test1;
OK
JieJie
MengMeng
NingNing
JingJing
FengJie
Time taken: 0.388 seconds
hive> select count(*) from test1;
Total MapReduce jobs = 1
Launching Job 1 out of 1
Number of reduce tasks determined at compile time: 1
In order to change the average load for a reducer (in bytes):
  set hive.exec.reducers.bytes.per.reducer=<number>
In order to limit the maximum number of reducers:
  set hive.exec.reducers.max=<number>
In order to set a constant number of reducers:
  set mapred.reduce.tasks=<number>
Starting Job = job_201509252000_0001, Tracking URL = http://hadoop0:50030/jobdetails.jsp?jobid=job_201509252000_0001
Kill Command = /opt/hadoop/libexec/../bin/hadoop job  -Dmapred.job.tracker=hadoop0:9001 -kill job_201509252000_0001
Hadoop job information for Stage-1: number of mappers: 1; number of reducers: 1
2015-09-25 20:09:55,796 Stage-1 map = 0%,  reduce = 0%
2015-09-25 20:10:19,806 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 3.67 sec
2015-09-25 20:10:53,218 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 100%, Cumulative CPU 6.95 sec
2015-09-25 20:10:54,223 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 100%, Cumulative CPU 6.95 sec
MapReduce Total cumulative CPU time: 6 seconds 950 msec
Ended Job = job_201509252000_0001
MapReduce Jobs Launched:
Job 0: Map: 1  Reduce: 1   Cumulative CPU: 6.95 sec   HDFS Read: 258 HDFS Write: 2 SUCCESS
Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 6 seconds 950 msec
OK
5
Time taken: 77.515 seconds


create table test1(str STRING)  STORED AS TEXTFILE; 
create table test2(str STRING) ;
hive> create table test3(str STRING)  STORED AS SEQUENCEFILE;
OK
Time taken: 0.112 seconds
 
hive> create table test4(str STRING)  STORED AS RCFILE; 
OK
Time taken: 0.502 seconds
8、把旧表数据导入新表INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE test4 SELECT * FROM test1;
9、设置hive参数hive> SET hive.exec.compress.output=true; 
hive> SET io.seqfile.compression.type=BLOCK;
10、查看hive参数 hive> SET ; 

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