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Apache ShardingSphere 是一款开源的分布式数据库中间件,旨在为数据库提供分片、读写分离、数据加密、影子库压测等功能。其核心设计理念是通过插件化的方式,提供灵活的配置体系,以满足不同场景下的需求。本文将深入探讨 ShardingSphere 的配置体系设计,包括其核心组件、配置方式、以及如何通过配置实现各种功能。
ShardingSphere 的配置体系是其核心功能的基础,它通过配置文件或代码的方式,定义了数据源、分片规则、读写分离策略、数据加密规则等。配置体系的设计目标是灵活、易用、可扩展,能够支持多种数据库类型和复杂的业务场景。
ShardingSphere 的配置体系主要由以下几个核心组件构成:
ShardingSphere 支持多种配置方式,包括:
数据源配置是 ShardingSphere 配置体系的基础,它定义了数据库连接的基本信息。ShardingSphere 支持多种数据库类型,如 MySQL、PostgreSQL、Oracle 等。
dataSources:
ds_0:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0
username: root
password: root
ds_1:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1
username: root
password: root
Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
dataSourceMap.put("ds_0", createDataSource("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0", "root", "root"));
dataSourceMap.put("ds_1", createDataSource("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1", "root", "root"));
private DataSource createDataSource(String url, String username, String password) {
HikariDataSource dataSource = new HikariDataSource();
dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
dataSource.setUsername(username);
dataSource.setPassword(password);
return dataSource;
}
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds_0,ds_1
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_0.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_0.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_0.password=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_1.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_1.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_1.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_1.password=root
分片规则配置是 ShardingSphere 的核心功能之一,它定义了数据分片的规则。分片规则配置包括分片键、分片算法、分片表等。
shardingRule:
tables:
t_order:
actualDataNodes: ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}
tableStrategy:
standard:
shardingColumn: order_id
preciseAlgorithmClassName: com.example.PreciseShardingAlgorithm
rangeAlgorithmClassName: com.example.RangeShardingAlgorithm
keyGenerateStrategy:
column: order_id
keyGenerator:
type: SNOWFLAKE
props:
worker.id: 123
ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = new ShardingRuleConfiguration();
TableRuleConfiguration tableRuleConfig = new TableRuleConfiguration("t_order", "ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}");
tableRuleConfig.setTableShardingStrategyConfig(new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("order_id", "com.example.PreciseShardingAlgorithm", "com.example.RangeShardingAlgorithm"));
tableRuleConfig.setKeyGenerateStrategyConfig(new KeyGenerateStrategyConfiguration("order_id", "SNOWFLAKE"));
shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(tableRuleConfig);
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.actual-data-nodes=ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.table-strategy.standard.sharding-column=order_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.table-strategy.standard.precise-algorithm-class-name=com.example.PreciseShardingAlgorithm
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.table-strategy.standard.range-algorithm-class-name=com.example.RangeShardingAlgorithm
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.key-generate-strategy.column=order_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.key-generate-strategy.key-generator.type=SNOWFLAKE
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.key-generate-strategy.key-generator.props.worker.id=123
读写分离配置是 ShardingSphere 的另一个核心功能,它定义了读写分离的策略。读写分离配置包括主从数据库的配置、负载均衡策略等。
readWriteSplittingRule:
dataSources:
ds_0:
writeDataSourceName: ds_0_master
readDataSourceNames:
- ds_0_slave_0
- ds_0_slave_1
loadBalancerName: roundRobin
ds_1:
writeDataSourceName: ds_1_master
readDataSourceNames:
- ds_1_slave_0
- ds_1_slave_1
loadBalancerName: random
loadBalancers:
roundRobin:
type: ROUND_ROBIN
random:
type: RANDOM
ReadWriteSplittingRuleConfiguration readWriteSplittingRuleConfig = new ReadWriteSplittingRuleConfiguration();
readWriteSplittingRuleConfig.getDataSources().add(new ReadWriteSplittingDataSourceRuleConfiguration("ds_0", "ds_0_master", Arrays.asList("ds_0_slave_0", "ds_0_slave_1"), "roundRobin"));
readWriteSplittingRuleConfig.getDataSources().add(new ReadWriteSplittingDataSourceRuleConfiguration("ds_1", "ds_1_master", Arrays.asList("ds_1_slave_0", "ds_1_slave_1"), "random"));
readWriteSplittingRuleConfig.getLoadBalancers().put("roundRobin", new LoadBalanceConfiguration("ROUND_ROBIN"));
readWriteSplittingRuleConfig.getLoadBalancers().put("random", new LoadBalanceConfiguration("RANDOM"));
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ds_0.write-data-source-name=ds_0_master
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ds_0.read-data-source-names=ds_0_slave_0,ds_0_slave_1
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ds_0.load-balancer-name=roundRobin
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ds_1.write-data-source-name=ds_1_master
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ds_1.read-data-source-names=ds_1_slave_0,ds_1_slave_1
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ds_1.load-balancer-name=random
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.load-balancers.roundRobin.type=ROUND_ROBIN
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.load-balancers.random.type=RANDOM
数据加密配置是 ShardingSphere 提供的一项安全功能,它定义了数据加密的规则。数据加密配置包括加密算法、加密字段等。
encryptRule:
encryptors:
aes_encryptor:
type: AES
props:
aes.key.value: 123456
tables:
t_user:
columns:
user_name:
cipherColumn: user_name_cipher
encryptorName: aes_encryptor
EncryptRuleConfiguration encryptRuleConfig = new EncryptRuleConfiguration();
encryptRuleConfig.getEncryptors().put("aes_encryptor", new EncryptorConfiguration("AES", "aes.key.value=123456"));
encryptRuleConfig.getTables().put("t_user", new EncryptTableRuleConfiguration(Collections.singletonMap("user_name", new EncryptColumnRuleConfiguration("user_name_cipher", "aes_encryptor"))));
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.encryptors.aes_encryptor.type=AES
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.encryptors.aes_encryptor.props.aes.key.value=123456
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.t_user.columns.user_name.cipher-column=user_name_cipher
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.t_user.columns.user_name.encryptor-name=aes_encryptor
影子库配置是 ShardingSphere 提供的一项压测功能,它定义了影子库的配置。影子库配置包括影子库的数据源、影子表等。
shadowRule:
dataSources:
shadow_ds_0:
sourceDataSourceName: ds_0
shadowDataSourceName: ds_0_shadow
shadow_ds_1:
sourceDataSourceName: ds_1
shadowDataSourceName: ds_1_shadow
tables:
t_order:
shadowAlgorithmNames:
- simple_hint
shadowAlgorithms:
simple_hint:
type: SIMPLE_HINT
props:
foo: bar
ShadowRuleConfiguration shadowRuleConfig = new ShadowRuleConfiguration();
shadowRuleConfig.getDataSources().add(new ShadowDataSourceConfiguration("shadow_ds_0", "ds_0", "ds_0_shadow"));
shadowRuleConfig.getDataSources().add(new ShadowDataSourceConfiguration("shadow_ds_1", "ds_1", "ds_1_shadow"));
shadowRuleConfig.getTables().put("t_order", new ShadowTableConfiguration(Collections.singletonList("simple_hint")));
shadowRuleConfig.getShadowAlgorithms().put("simple_hint", new ShadowAlgorithmConfiguration("SIMPLE_HINT", "foo=bar"));
spring.shardingsphere.shadow.data-sources.shadow_ds_0.source-data-source-name=ds_0
spring.shardingsphere.shadow.data-sources.shadow_ds_0.shadow-data-source-name=ds_0_shadow
spring.shardingsphere.shadow.data-sources.shadow_ds_1.source-data-source-name=ds_1
spring.shardingsphere.shadow.data-sources.shadow_ds_1.shadow-data-source-name=ds_1_shadow
spring.shardingsphere.shadow.tables.t_order.shadow-algorithm-names=simple_hint
spring.shardingsphere.shadow.shadow-algorithms.simple_hint.type=SIMPLE_HINT
spring.shardingsphere.shadow.shadow-algorithms.simple_hint.props.foo=bar
ShardingSphere 的配置体系设计得非常灵活,支持通过插件化的方式扩展功能。用户可以根据自己的需求,自定义分片算法、加密算法、负载均衡策略等。
用户可以通过实现 PreciseShardingAlgorithm
和 RangeShardingAlgorithm
接口,自定义分片算法。
public class CustomPreciseShardingAlgorithm implements PreciseShardingAlgorithm<Integer> {
@Override
public String doSharding(Collection<String> availableTargetNames, PreciseShardingValue<Integer> shardingValue) {
// 自定义分片逻辑
return availableTargetNames.iterator().next();
}
}
用户可以通过实现 EncryptAlgorithm
接口,自定义加密算法。
public class CustomEncryptAlgorithm implements EncryptAlgorithm {
@Override
public void init() {
// 初始化逻辑
}
@Override
public String encrypt(Object plaintext) {
// 加密逻辑
return null;
}
@Override
public Object decrypt(String ciphertext) {
// 解密逻辑
return null;
}
@Override
public String getType() {
return "CUSTOM";
}
}
用户可以通过实现 LoadBalanceAlgorithm
接口,自定义负载均衡策略。
public class CustomLoadBalanceAlgorithm implements LoadBalanceAlgorithm {
@Override
public String getType() {
return "CUSTOM";
}
@Override
public DataSource getDataSource(String name, Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap) {
// 自定义负载均衡逻辑
return dataSourceMap.values().iterator().next();
}
}
在实际使用中,配置体系的设计和使用需要遵循一些最佳实践,以确保系统的稳定性和可维护性。
配置文件应该纳入版本控制系统,以便于追踪配置的变化和历史记录。
将配置按照功能模块进行划分,如数据源配置、分片规则配置、读写分离配置等,便于管理和维护。
在应用启动时,应该对配置进行验证,确保配置的正确性和完整性。
在需要动态调整配置的场景下,可以通过代码动态更新配置,而不需要重启应用。
ShardingSphere 的配置体系设计得非常灵活和强大,能够满足各种复杂的业务场景需求。通过配置文件或代码的方式,用户可以轻松定义数据源、分片规则、读写分离策略、数据加密规则等。同时,ShardingSphere 还支持通过插件化的方式扩展功能,用户可以根据自己的需求自定义分片算法、加密算法、负载均衡策略等。在实际使用中,遵循配置体系的最佳实践,可以确保系统的稳定性和可维护性。
通过本文的介绍,相信读者对 ShardingSphere 的配置体系有了更深入的理解,能够在实际项目中更好地应用和扩展 ShardingSphere 的功能。
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