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# Python怎么实现调查问卷
## 引言
在数据收集和用户调研领域，调查问卷是最常用的工具之一。Python作为一门强大的编程语言，提供了多种实现调查问卷的方案。本文将详细介绍如何利用Python及相关库构建完整的调查问卷系统，涵盖以下内容：
1. 基础表单实现（Tkinter/命令行）
2. Web问卷方案（Flask/Django）
3. 专业问卷工具集成（Google Forms API）
4. 数据分析与可视化
5. 进阶功能与部署方案
---
## 一、基础表单实现
### 1.1 使用Tkinter构建GUI问卷
```python
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
class SurveyApp:
def __init__(self):
self.window = tk.Tk()
self.window.title("Python问卷调查")
# 问题列表
self.questions = [
"1. 您的年龄段是？",
"2. 您对Python的熟悉程度如何？",
"3. 您最常使用的Python库是什么？"
]
# 答案存储
self.answers = []
self.create_widgets()
def create_widgets(self):
"""创建界面组件"""
tk.Label(self.window, text="请填写以下问卷").pack(pady=10)
# 动态生成问题输入框
self.entry_widgets = []
for q in self.questions:
frame = tk.Frame(self.window)
tk.Label(frame, text=q).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
entry = tk.Entry(frame)
entry.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=5, pady=5)
self.entry_widgets.append(entry)
# 提交按钮
tk.Button(self.window, text="提交", command=self.submit).pack(pady=20)
def submit(self):
"""收集答案"""
self.answers = [e.get() for e in self.entry_widgets]
messagebox.showinfo("感谢", "问卷提交成功！")
self.window.quit()
def run(self):
self.window.mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = SurveyApp()
app.run()
print("收集到的答案：", app.answers)
对于不需要GUI的场景，可使用questionary库：
from questionary import text, select, checkbox
def run_survey():
answers = {}
answers["name"] = text("请输入您的姓名:").ask()
answers["age"] = select(
"请选择年龄段:",
choices=["18岁以下", "18-25岁", "26-35岁", "36岁以上"]
).ask()
answers["skills"] = checkbox(
"请选择您掌握的Python技能:",
choices=["基础语法", "Web开发", "数据分析", "机器学习"]
).ask()
return answers
if __name__ == "__main__":
result = run_survey()
print("\n问卷结果:")
for k, v in result.items():
print(f"{k}: {v}")
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, url_for
app = Flask(__name__)
# 临时存储
responses = []
@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def survey():
if request.method == 'POST':
response = {
'name': request.form.get('name'),
'feedback': request.form.get('feedback'),
'rating': request.form.get('rating')
}
responses.append(response)
return redirect(url_for('thank_you'))
return render_template('survey.html')
@app.route('/thank-you')
def thank_you():
return "感谢参与问卷调查！"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
配套HTML模板（templates/survey.html）：
<form method="POST">
<label>姓名: <input type="text" name="name" required></label><br>
<label>反馈意见:<br>
<textarea name="feedback" rows="4" cols="50"></textarea>
</label><br>
<label>评分:
<select name="rating">
<option value="5">5分 - 非常满意</option>
<option value="4">4分</option>
<option value="3">3分</option>
<option value="2">2分</option>
<option value="1">1分 - 很不满意</option>
</select>
</label><br>
<button type="submit">提交</button>
</form>
# 创建Django项目
django-admin startproject survey_system
cd survey_system
python manage.py startapp questionnaires
关键模型设计（questionnaires/models.py）：
from django.db import models
class Question(models.Model):
TEXT = 'text'
RADIO = 'radio'
CHECKBOX = 'checkbox'
QUESTION_TYPES = [
(TEXT, '文本回答'),
(RADIO, '单选'),
(CHECKBOX, '多选')
]
text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
question_type = models.CharField(
max_length=8,
choices=QUESTION_TYPES,
default=TEXT
)
def __str__(self):
return self.text
class Choice(models.Model):
question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
text = models.CharField(max_length=100)
def __str__(self):
return self.text
class Response(models.Model):
question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
answer = models.TextField()
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from google.oauth2 import service_account
# 配置服务账号
SCOPES = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/forms.body']
SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE = 'credentials.json'
credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE, scopes=SCOPES)
service = build('forms', 'v1', credentials=credentials)
# 创建新问卷
form = {
"info": {
"title": "Python用户调研",
"documentTitle": "Python问卷2023"
}
}
# 添加问题
question = {
"requests": [{
"createItem": {
"item": {
"title": "您使用Python的主要领域是？",
"questionItem": {
"question": {
"required": True,
"choiceQuestion": {
"type": "RADIO",
"options": [
{"value": "Web开发"},
{"value": "数据分析"},
{"value": "人工智能"},
{"value": "自动化脚本"}
],
"shuffle": False
}
}
}
},
"location": {"index": 0}
}
}]
}
result = service.forms().create(body=form).execute()
question_set = service.forms().batchUpdate(
formId=result["formId"], body=question).execute()
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 假设已有CSV格式的问卷数据
df = pd.read_csv('survey_results.csv')
# 基础统计
print(df.describe())
# 可视化
df['rating'].value_counts().sort_index().plot(
kind='bar',
title='满意度评分分布'
)
plt.xlabel('评分')
plt.ylabel('人数')
plt.savefig('rating_dist.png')
from wordcloud import WordCloud
from collections import Counter
# 合并所有文本反馈
text = " ".join(df['feedback'].dropna())
# 生成词云
wordcloud = WordCloud(width=800, height=400,
background_color='white').generate(text)
plt.figure(figsize=(10,5))
plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
# 在Flask视图中添加验证
@app.route('/survey', methods=['POST'])
def submit_survey():
email = request.form.get('email')
if not validate_email(email):
flash('请输入有效的邮箱地址')
return redirect(url_for('survey'))
# 其他处理逻辑...
传统服务器部署：
gunicorn -w 4 -b :8000 app:app
Serverless部署：
容器化部署：
FROM python:3.9
COPY . /app
WORKDIR /app
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
CMD ["gunicorn", "app:app"]
通过Python实现调查问卷系统，开发者可以根据需求选择不同技术方案：
Python丰富的生态系统使问卷系统的开发、部署和分析形成完整闭环，是构建高效调研工具的绝佳选择。 “`
（全文约2150字）
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