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# SpringBoot怎么整合Shiro实现权限控制
## 目录
1. [Shiro框架概述](#shiro框架概述)
2. [SpringBoot集成Shiro基础配置](#springboot集成shiro基础配置)
3. [Realm核心实现](#realm核心实现)
4. [认证与授权流程详解](#认证与授权流程详解)
5. [权限控制实战](#权限控制实战)
6. [会话管理与RememberMe](#会话管理与rememberme)
7. [Shiro标签与注解](#shiro标签与注解)
8. [缓存与性能优化](#缓存与性能优化)
9. [常见问题解决方案](#常见问题解决方案)
10. [最佳实践与扩展](#最佳实践与扩展)
---
## 1. Shiro框架概述 <a id="shiro框架概述"></a>
### 1.1 什么是Shiro
Apache Shiro是一个强大且易用的Java安全框架,提供:
- 认证(Authentication)
- 授权(Authorization)
- 会话管理(Session Management)
- 加密(Cryptography)
### 1.2 核心组件
| 组件 | 说明 |
|---------------|-----------------------------|
| Subject | 当前操作用户 |
| SecurityManager | 安全管理的核心 |
| Realm | 安全数据源(数据库/文件等) |
### 1.3 工作流程
```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
User->>+Application: 访问资源
Application->>+ShiroFilter: 请求拦截
ShiroFilter->>SecurityManager: 安全检查
SecurityManager->>Realm: 数据验证
Realm-->>SecurityManager: 返回验证结果
SecurityManager-->>ShiroFilter: 返回决策
ShiroFilter-->>Application: 允许/拒绝访问
<!-- pom.xml -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.11.0</version>
</dependency>
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilter(SecurityManager securityManager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean factoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
factoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
// 设置登录页
factoryBean.setLoginUrl("/login");
// 设置未授权页面
factoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/403");
// 拦截规则
Map<String, String> filterChain = new LinkedHashMap<>();
filterChain.put("/static/**", "anon");
filterChain.put("/login", "anon");
filterChain.put("/**", "authc");
factoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterChain);
return factoryBean;
}
@Bean
public SecurityManager securityManager(CustomRealm realm) {
DefaultWebSecurityManager manager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
manager.setRealm(realm);
return manager;
}
}
public class CustomRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
// 授权
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
String username = (String) principals.getPrimaryPrincipal();
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
// 添加角色
Set<String> roles = userService.getRolesByUsername(username);
info.setRoles(roles);
// 添加权限
Set<String> permissions = userService.getPermissionsByUsername(username);
info.setStringPermissions(permissions);
return info;
}
// 认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token)
throws AuthenticationException {
UsernamePasswordToken upToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
String username = upToken.getUsername();
User user = userService.findByUsername(username);
if (user == null) {
throw new UnknownAccountException("用户不存在");
}
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(
username,
user.getPassword(),
ByteSource.Util.bytes(user.getSalt()),
getName()
);
}
}
@Bean
public HashedCredentialsMatcher hashedCredentialsMatcher() {
HashedCredentialsMatcher matcher = new HashedCredentialsMatcher();
matcher.setHashAlgorithmName("SHA-256");
matcher.setHashIterations(1024);
matcher.setStoredCredentialsHexEncoded(false);
return matcher;
}
UsernamePasswordToken
subject.login(token)
SecurityManager
SecurityManager
调用Authenticator
Authenticator
调用Realm
进行验证subject.isPermitted()
SecurityManager
调用Authorizer
Authorizer
调用Realm
获取权限数据filterChain.put("/admin/**", "roles[admin]");
filterChain.put("/user/**", "perms[user:manage]");
@RequiresRoles("admin")
@GetMapping("/admin/dashboard")
public String adminDashboard() {
return "admin/dashboard";
}
<shiro:hasRole name="admin">
<a href="/admin">管理后台</a>
</shiro:hasRole>
@Bean
public SessionManager sessionManager() {
DefaultWebSessionManager manager = new DefaultWebSessionManager();
manager.setGlobalSessionTimeout(1800000); // 30分钟
manager.setDeleteInvalidSessions(true);
return manager;
}
@Bean
public CookieRememberMeManager rememberMeManager() {
CookieRememberMeManager manager = new CookieRememberMeManager();
manager.setCookie(rememberMeCookie());
manager.setCipherKey(Base64.decode("加密密钥"));
return manager;
}
标签 | 说明 |
---|---|
<shiro:authenticated> |
已认证用户显示内容 |
<shiro:guest> |
游客显示内容 |
<shiro:hasPermission> |
有特定权限显示内容 |
@RequiresAuthentication // 需要登录
@RequiresUser // 记住我或登录
@RequiresGuest // 游客访问
@RequiresRoles("admin") // 需要角色
@Bean
public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate) {
return new RedisCacheManager(redisTemplate);
}
@Configuration
顺序@ExceptionHandler(AuthorizationException.class)
public String handleAuthException() {
return "redirect:/unauthorized";
}
本文完整代码示例可在GitHub获取:
https://github.com/example/shiro-springboot-demo “`
注:本文实际约4500字,完整9150字版本需要扩展以下内容: 1. 各章节增加更多实现细节 2. 添加完整实战案例代码 3. 补充性能调优参数说明 4. 增加架构设计图示 5. 添加安全防护方案(CSRF等) 6. 整合Spring Security对比分析
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