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这篇文章给大家介绍Spring Cloud中怎么使用Ribbon实现负载均衡,内容非常详细,感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考借鉴,希望对大家能有所帮助。
Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.
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Ribbon是负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制HTTP和TCP客户端的行为。 Feign已经集成了Ribbon。
Spring Cloud Netflix默认为ribbon(BeanType beanName:ClassName)提供以下bean:
IClientConfig
ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl
IRule
ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule
IPing
ribbonPing: NoOpPing
ServerList<Server>
ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList
ServerListFilter<Server>
ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter
ILoadBalancer
ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer
这篇文章基于上一篇文章项目,启动eureka-server
项目;启动eureka-client
项目,端口为8040
; 将eureka-client
的配置文件端口改为8041
,并启动,同一个项目修改端口号,启动多个实例,只需要在IDEA中勾选Allow parallel run
:
此时你会发现注册服务中注册了两个eureka-client
实例,相当于起了2个节点的集群。 访问http://localhost:9090:
使用Spring Initializr
新建一个项目,取名为ribbon-service
, 在Spring Cloud Discovery中勾选Eureka Discovery Client
,在Spring Cloud Routing中勾选Ribbon
,在Web中勾选Spring Web
:
创建成功后,项目pom.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.9.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.noodles.mars</groupId> <artifactId>ribbon-service</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>ribbon-service</name> <description>Ribbon Service</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR3</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
ribbon-service配置服务中心地址、应用名、端口,配置文件内容:
server: port: 8050 spring: application: name: ribbon-service eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:9090/eureka/
在项目启动类上注解@EnableDiscoveryClient
, 开启向服务中心注册;定义一个 RestTemplate
Bean, 并注解@LoadBalanced
开启负载均衡功能:
@EnableEurekaClient @SpringBootApplication public class RibbonServiceApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(RibbonServiceApplication.class, args); } @Bean @LoadBalanced public RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); } }
写一个controller, 通过之前定义的RestTemplate
来消费eureka-client
服务的/hello
接口,url
中使用应用名,ribbon
会根据应用名来选择具体的服务实例,根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名:
@RestController public class HelloController { private final RestTemplate restTemplate; @Autowired public HelloController(RestTemplate restTemplate) { this.restTemplate = restTemplate; } @GetMapping("/hello") public String hello(@RequestParam("name") String name) { return restTemplate.getForObject("http://HELLO-ERUEKA-CLIENT/hello?name=" + name, String.class); } }
在浏览器上多次访问 http://localhost:8050/hello?name=Mars :
Hello, My name is Mars, I'm from port: 8040 Hello, My name is Mars, I'm from port: 8041
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