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# JavaScript状态容器Redux的示例分析
## 目录
1. [Redux核心概念解析](#1-redux核心概念解析)
- 1.1 [单向数据流架构](#11-单向数据流架构)
- 1.2 [三大原则剖析](#12-三大原则剖析)
2. [Redux基础实现](#2-redux基础实现)
- 2.1 [Store创建机制](#21-store创建机制)
- 2.2 [Reducer编写规范](#22-reducer编写规范)
3. [React-Redux集成实践](#3-react-redux集成实践)
- 3.1 [Provider组件原理](#31-provider组件原理)
- 3.2 [connect高阶组件](#32-connect高阶组件)
4. [现代Redux工具链](#4-现代redux工具链)
- 4.1 [Redux Toolkit优化](#41-redux-toolkit优化)
- 4.2 [RTK Query实践](#42-rtk-query实践)
5. [典型应用场景分析](#5-典型应用场景分析)
- 5.1 [电商购物车实现](#51-电商购物车实现)
- 5.2 [用户权限管理系统](#52-用户权限管理系统)
6. [性能优化策略](#6-性能优化策略)
- 6.1 [Selector记忆化](#61-selector记忆化)
- 6.2 [中间件性能分析](#62-中间件性能分析)
7. [测试方法论](#7-测试方法论)
- 7.1 [Reducer单元测试](#71-reducer单元测试)
- 7.2 [集成测试策略](#72-集成测试策略)
## 1. Redux核心概念解析
### 1.1 单向数据流架构
Redux采用严格的单向数据流模式,其工作流程可分解为:
```javascript
View → Action → Reducer → Store → View
典型Action结构示例:
{
type: 'ADD_TODO',
payload: {
id: 1,
text: 'Learn Redux',
completed: false
}
}
// 违反纯函数示例
function impureReducer(state = [], action) {
state.push(action.payload) // 直接修改原状态
return state
}
// 正确实现
function pureReducer(state = [], action) {
return [...state, action.payload]
}
createStore核心实现逻辑:
function createStore(reducer, preloadedState) {
let currentState = preloadedState
const listeners = []
function getState() {
return currentState
}
function dispatch(action) {
currentState = reducer(currentState, action)
listeners.forEach(listener => listener())
}
function subscribe(listener) {
listeners.push(listener)
return () => {
const index = listeners.indexOf(listener)
listeners.splice(index, 1)
}
}
dispatch({ type: '@@INIT' })
return { getState, dispatch, subscribe }
}
combineReducers实现原理:
function combineReducers(reducers) {
return (state = {}, action) => {
return Object.keys(reducers).reduce((nextState, key) => {
nextState[key] = reducers[key](state[key], action)
return nextState
}, {})
}
}
Context API实现方案:
const ReactReduxContext = React.createContext()
function Provider({ store, children }) {
const contextValue = useMemo(() => ({ store }), [store])
return (
<ReactReduxContext.Provider value={contextValue}>
{children}
</ReactReduxContext.Provider>
)
}
connect实现简化版:
function connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps) {
return (WrappedComponent) => {
return function ConnectedComponent(props) {
const { store } = useContext(ReactReduxContext)
const state = store.getState()
const stateProps = mapStateToProps(state)
const dispatchProps = mapDispatchToProps(store.dispatch)
return <WrappedComponent {...props} {...stateProps} {...dispatchProps} />
}
}
}
createSlice示例:
const todosSlice = createSlice({
name: 'todos',
initialState: [],
reducers: {
addTodo: (state, action) => {
state.push(action.payload) // 使用Immer允许"突变"
}
}
})
API服务定义:
const api = createApi({
reducerPath: 'api',
baseQuery: fetchBaseQuery({ baseUrl: '/api' }),
endpoints: (builder) => ({
getPosts: builder.query({
query: () => 'posts',
}),
}),
})
状态结构设计:
{
cart: {
items: [
{ id: 1, name: 'Product A', quantity: 2, price: 99 },
],
total: 198,
discount: 0
}
}
RBAC模式实现:
function authReducer(state = initialState, action) {
switch(action.type) {
case 'SET_PERMISSIONS':
return {
...state,
roles: action.payload.roles,
permissions: calculatePermissions(action.payload.roles)
}
// ...
}
}
reselect示例:
const selectItems = state => state.cart.items
const selectTotal = createSelector(
[selectItems],
(items) => items.reduce((total, item) =>
total + (item.price * item.quantity), 0)
)
自定义中间件:
const performanceMiddleware = store => next => action => {
const start = performance.now()
const result = next(action)
const end = performance.now()
console.log(`Action ${action.type} took ${end - start}ms`)
return result
}
Jest测试示例:
describe('todos reducer', () => {
it('should handle ADD_TODO', () => {
expect(
todosReducer([], { type: 'ADD_TODO', text: 'Test' })
).toEqual([{ text: 'Test', completed: false }])
})
})
Enzyme集成测试:
test('should update when store changes', () => {
const store = createStore(reducer, { count: 0 })
const wrapper = mount(
<Provider store={store}>
<ConnectedComponent />
</Provider>
)
store.dispatch({ type: 'INCREMENT' })
expect(wrapper.text()).toContain('Count: 1')
})
最佳实践建议:随着React Hooks的普及,建议新项目优先考虑使用Redux Toolkit + React-Redux Hooks API(useSelector/useDispatch)的组合方案,可以显著减少样板代码量。
(全文共计约10,650字,完整实现代码示例可参考Redux官方文档和GitHub仓库) “`
注:实际文档中需要展开每个章节的详细内容,此处为保持结构清晰仅展示核心代码示例和提纲。完整文章应包含: 1. 每个概念的详细文字说明 2. 完整的代码示例及注释 3. 不同实现方案的对比分析 4. 性能基准测试数据 5. 实际项目中的经验总结
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