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这篇文章主要讲解了“java中comparable和comparator的区别”,文中的讲解内容简单清晰,易于学习与理解,下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来研究和学习“java中comparable和comparator的区别”吧!
java中的基本类型的对象是可以进行比较的
如
public static void main(String[] args){ int a = 10; int b = 20; System.out.println(a>b); System.out.println(a==b); System.out.println(a<b); char c1 = 'A'; char c2 = 'B'; System.out.println(c1>c2); System.out.println(c1==c2); System.out.println(c1<c2); boolean b1 = true; boolean b2 =false; System.out.println(b1==b2); System.out.println(b1!=b2); }
public class Main{ public static void main(String[] args){ Card c1 = new Card(1,"♠"); Card c2 = new Card(2,"♠"); Card c3 = c1; System.out.println(c1==c2); System.out.println(c1==c3); // System.out.println(c1>c2); 编译报错 // System.out.println(c1<c2); 编译报错 } } class Card{ public int rank; public String suit; public Card(int rank,String suit){ this.rank = rank; this.suit = suit; } }
可以看出在进行相等比较时,是可以进行比较的,但进行大于或小于比较就不行了
这是因为对于用户实现自定义类型,都默认继承自Object类,而Object类中提供了equal方法,而==默认情况下调用的就是equal方法,但是该方法的比较规则是:没有比较引用变量引用对象的内容,而是直接比较引用变量的地址,但有些情况下该种比较就不符合题意。
有些情况下,需要比较的是对象中的内容,比如:向优先级队列中插入某个对象时,需要对按照对象中内容来调整堆,那该如何处理呢?
一般覆写 equals 的套路就是上面演示的
1.如果指向同一个对象,返回 true
2.如果传入的为 null,返回 false
3.如果传入的对象类型不是 Card,返回 false
4.按照类的实现目标完成比较,例如这里只要花色和数值一样,就认为是相同的牌
5.注意下调用其他引用类型的比较也需要 equals,例如这里的 suit 的比较
覆写基类equal的方式虽然可以比较,但缺陷是:equal只能按照相等进行比较,不能按照大于、小于的方式进行比较。
Comparble是JDK提供的泛型的比较接口类,源码实现具体如下:
public interface Comparable<T> { /** * Compares this object with the specified object for order. Returns a * negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this object is less * than, equal to, or greater than the specified object. * * <p>The implementor must ensure <tt>sgn(x.compareTo(y)) == * -sgn(y.compareTo(x))</tt> for all <tt>x</tt> and <tt>y</tt>. (This * implies that <tt>x.compareTo(y)</tt> must throw an exception iff * <tt>y.compareTo(x)</tt> throws an exception.) * * <p>The implementor must also ensure that the relation is transitive: * <tt>(x.compareTo(y)>0 && y.compareTo(z)>0)</tt> implies * <tt>x.compareTo(z)>0</tt>. * * <p>Finally, the implementor must ensure that <tt>x.compareTo(y)==0</tt> * implies that <tt>sgn(x.compareTo(z)) == sgn(y.compareTo(z))</tt>, for * all <tt>z</tt>. * * <p>It is strongly recommended, but <i>not</i> strictly required that * <tt>(x.compareTo(y)==0) == (x.equals(y))</tt>. Generally speaking, any * class that implements the <tt>Comparable</tt> interface and violates * this condition should clearly indicate this fact. The recommended * language is "Note: this class has a natural ordering that is * inconsistent with equals." * * <p>In the foregoing description, the notation * <tt>sgn(</tt><i>expression</i><tt>)</tt> designates the mathematical * <i>signum</i> function, which is defined to return one of <tt>-1</tt>, * <tt>0</tt>, or <tt>1</tt> according to whether the value of * <i>expression</i> is negative, zero or positive. * * @param o the object to be compared. * @return a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this object * is less than, equal to, or greater than the specified object. * * @throws NullPointerException if the specified object is null * @throws ClassCastException if the specified object's type prevents it * from being compared to this object. */ public int compareTo(T o); }
可以看到在Comparable接口中只实现了一个方法 compareTo,因此我们在实现自定义比较时,在类的定义中实现Comparable接口即可,然后在类中重写compareTo方法
public class Main{ public static void main(String[] args){ Card c1 = new Card(1,"♠"); Card c2 = new Card(2,"♠"); Card c3 = c1; System.out.println(c1.compareTo(c2)); System.out.println(c1.compareTo(c3)); System.out.println(c2.compareTo(c3)); } } class Card implements Comparable<Card>{ public int rank; public String suit; public Card(int rank,String suit){ this.rank = rank; this.suit = suit; } @Override public int compareTo(Card o) { if(o==null){ return 1; } return rank-o.rank; } }
当前值比要比较值小则输出-1;当前值与要比较值相等则输出0;
当前值比要比较值大输出1;
首先了解一下Comparator接口
public interface Comparator<T> { /** * Compares its two arguments for order. Returns a negative integer, * zero, or a positive integer as the first argument is less than, equal * to, or greater than the second.<p> * * In the foregoing description, the notation * <tt>sgn(</tt><i>expression</i><tt>)</tt> designates the mathematical * <i>signum</i> function, which is defined to return one of <tt>-1</tt>, * <tt>0</tt>, or <tt>1</tt> according to whether the value of * <i>expression</i> is negative, zero or positive.<p> * * The implementor must ensure that <tt>sgn(compare(x, y)) == * -sgn(compare(y, x))</tt> for all <tt>x</tt> and <tt>y</tt>. (This * implies that <tt>compare(x, y)</tt> must throw an exception if and only * if <tt>compare(y, x)</tt> throws an exception.)<p> * * The implementor must also ensure that the relation is transitive: * <tt>((compare(x, y)>0) && (compare(y, z)>0))</tt> implies * <tt>compare(x, z)>0</tt>.<p> * * Finally, the implementor must ensure that <tt>compare(x, y)==0</tt> * implies that <tt>sgn(compare(x, z))==sgn(compare(y, z))</tt> for all * <tt>z</tt>.<p> * * It is generally the case, but <i>not</i> strictly required that * <tt>(compare(x, y)==0) == (x.equals(y))</tt>. Generally speaking, * any comparator that violates this condition should clearly indicate * this fact. The recommended language is "Note: this comparator * imposes orderings that are inconsistent with equals." * * @param o1 the first object to be compared. * @param o2 the second object to be compared. * @return a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the * first argument is less than, equal to, or greater than the * second. * @throws NullPointerException if an argument is null and this * comparator does not permit null arguments * @throws ClassCastException if the arguments' types prevent them from * being compared by this comparator. */ int compare(T o1, T o2);
当然还有许多comparator实现的自定义比较方法,但这里我只贴出需要自己实现的方法compare;
接下来看看comparator的用法
当使用comparator时,如果要使用自定义的比较方式需要实现comparator接口,并且覆写compare方法;因此需要自己构造一个比较器类实现comparator接口,然后利用我们自定义的比较器进行比较即可;
下面是一个应用实例
// write your code here import java.util.*; import java.lang.*; public class Main{ public static void main(String[] args){ Card c1 = new Card(1,"♠"); Card c2 = new Card(2,"♠"); Card c3 = c1; CardComparator cardComparator = new CardComparator(); System.out.println(cardComparator.compare(c1,c2)); System.out.println(cardComparator.compare(c1,c3)); System.out.println(cardComparator.compare(c2,c3)); } } class Card { public int rank; public String suit; public Card(int rank,String suit){ this.rank = rank; this.suit = suit; } } class CardComparator implements Comparator<Card>{ @Override public int compare(Card o1, Card o2) { if (o1==o2){ return 0; } if (o1==null)return -1; if (o2==null)return 1; return o1.rank-o2.rank; } }
Comparator属于java.util包中泛型接口类,使用时必须导入相关的包;
我们将Comparator中的compare方法重写,就可以对需要进行对比的对象进行对比并返回结果。
方法 | 说明 |
---|---|
object.equals | 直接覆写即可,不过只能比较相等与否 |
Comparable.compareTO | 需要手动实现接口,当前类之后的所有对比方式都被定义,属于内部顺序 |
Comparator.compare | 需要实现一个比较器对象,对待比较类的侵入性弱,但对代码的侵入性强 |
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