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# JavaScript如何实现年历效果
在现代Web开发中,日历组件是常见的交互元素。本文将详细介绍如何使用纯JavaScript实现一个动态年历效果,涵盖核心逻辑、日期计算和DOM操作。
## 一、基础HTML结构
首先创建简单的HTML骨架,包含日历容器和导航按钮:
```html
<div class="calendar-container">
<div class="calendar-header">
<button id="prev-year">◀</button>
<h2 id="current-year">2023</h2>
<button id="next-year">▶</button>
</div>
<div id="months-container" class="months-grid"></div>
</div>
添加基础样式确保日历的可视化效果:
.months-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
gap: 20px;
}
.month-container {
border: 1px solid #ddd;
padding: 10px;
}
.month-title {
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.days-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(7, 1fr);
}
.day-header, .day-cell {
text-align: center;
padding: 5px;
}
.day-header {
font-weight: bold;
background: #f0f0f0;
}
let currentYear = new Date().getFullYear();
const weekdays = ['日', '一', '二', '三', '四', '五', '六'];
function generateMonthData(year, month) {
const firstDay = new Date(year, month, 1);
const lastDay = new Date(year, month + 1, 0);
// 计算月份开始于星期几(0-6)
const startDay = firstDay.getDay();
return {
year,
month,
daysInMonth: lastDay.getDate(),
startDay
};
}
function renderMonth(monthData) {
const monthContainer = document.createElement('div');
monthContainer.className = 'month-container';
// 添加月份标题
const monthTitle = document.createElement('h3');
monthTitle.className = 'month-title';
monthTitle.textContent = `${monthData.month + 1}月`;
monthContainer.appendChild(monthTitle);
// 创建星期标题行
const daysHeader = document.createElement('div');
daysHeader.className = 'days-grid';
weekdays.forEach(day => {
const dayHeader = document.createElement('div');
dayHeader.className = 'day-header';
dayHeader.textContent = day;
daysHeader.appendChild(dayHeader);
});
// 创建日期格子
const daysGrid = document.createElement('div');
daysGrid.className = 'days-grid';
// 添加空白格子(月初开始的星期几)
for (let i = 0; i < monthData.startDay; i++) {
const emptyCell = document.createElement('div');
emptyCell.className = 'day-cell';
daysGrid.appendChild(emptyCell);
}
// 添加日期数字
for (let day = 1; day <= monthData.daysInMonth; day++) {
const dayCell = document.createElement('div');
dayCell.className = 'day-cell';
dayCell.textContent = day;
// 标记当天日期
const today = new Date();
if (today.getFullYear() === monthData.year &&
today.getMonth() === monthData.month &&
today.getDate() === day) {
dayCell.classList.add('today');
}
daysGrid.appendChild(dayCell);
}
monthContainer.appendChild(daysHeader);
monthContainer.appendChild(daysGrid);
return monthContainer;
}
function renderFullYearCalendar(year) {
const monthsContainer = document.getElementById('months-container');
monthsContainer.innerHTML = '';
document.getElementById('current-year').textContent = year;
// 生成并渲染12个月份
for (let month = 0; month < 12; month++) {
const monthData = generateMonthData(year, month);
monthsContainer.appendChild(renderMonth(monthData));
}
}
document.getElementById('prev-year').addEventListener('click', () => {
currentYear--;
renderFullYearCalendar(currentYear);
});
document.getElementById('next-year').addEventListener('click', () => {
currentYear++;
renderFullYearCalendar(currentYear);
});
const festivals = {
'1-1': '元旦',
'5-1': '劳动节',
'10-1': '国庆节'
// 可扩展更多节日
};
function markFestivals(dayCell, month, day) {
const festivalKey = `${month + 1}-${day}`;
if (festivals[festivalKey]) {
const festivalMark = document.createElement('div');
festivalMark.className = 'festival-mark';
festivalMark.textContent = festivals[festivalKey];
dayCell.appendChild(festivalMark);
}
}
let selectedDate = null;
function setupDateSelection() {
document.querySelectorAll('.day-cell').forEach(cell => {
if (!cell.textContent.match(/^\d+$/)) return;
cell.addEventListener('click', () => {
// 移除之前选中的样式
document.querySelectorAll('.selected').forEach(el => {
el.classList.remove('selected');
});
// 添加新选中样式
cell.classList.add('selected');
selectedDate = new Date(
currentYear,
parseInt(cell.closest('.month-container')
.querySelector('.month-title').textContent) - 1,
parseInt(cell.textContent)
);
});
});
}
function checkScreenSize() {
const monthsContainer = document.getElementById('months-container');
if (window.innerWidth < 768) {
monthsContainer.style.gridTemplateColumns = 'repeat(2, 1fr)';
} else if (window.innerWidth < 480) {
monthsContainer.style.gridTemplateColumns = '1fr';
} else {
monthsContainer.style.gridTemplateColumns = 'repeat(4, 1fr)';
}
}
window.addEventListener('resize', checkScreenSize);
// 初始化日历
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
renderFullYearCalendar(currentYear);
checkScreenSize();
});
通过本文的实现,我们完成了: 1. 动态生成任意年份的年历 2. 正确的日期排列和星期对应 3. 基本的交互功能(年份导航) 4. 扩展功能(节日标记、日期选择)
这个实现完全基于原生JavaScript,不依赖任何第三方库,可以轻松集成到各种项目中。如需进一步优化,可以考虑: - 添加农历显示 - 实现月视图/周视图切换 - 增加事件提醒功能 “`
(注:实际文章约1500字,此处为保持简洁展示了核心代码和结构。完整版本会包含更多实现细节、注释和原理说明。)
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