html5中有哪些api

发布时间:2021-12-13 15:09:08 作者:小新
来源:亿速云 阅读:211
# HTML5中有哪些API

## 目录
1. [HTML5 API概述](#html5-api概述)
2. [Canvas绘图API](#canvas绘图api)
3. [SVG矢量图形API](#svg矢量图形api)
4. [Web Storage API](#web-storage-api)
5. [IndexedDB API](#indexeddb-api)
6. [Web Workers API](#web-workers-api)
7. [WebSocket API](#websocket-api)
8. [Geolocation API](#geolocation-api)
9. [WebRTC API](#webrtc-api)
10. [File API](#file-api)
11. [Drag and Drop API](#drag-and-drop-api)
12. [History API](#history-api)
13. [Web Components](#web-components)
14. [Web Audio API](#web-audio-api)
15. [Web Speech API](#web-speech-api)
16. [Web Animations API](#web-animations-api)
17. [WebGL API](#webgl-api)
18. [Payment Request API](#payment-request-api)
19. [Web Share API](#web-share-api)
20. [Web Bluetooth API](#web-bluetooth-api)
21. [WebUSB API](#webusb-api)
22. [Web NFC API](#web-nfc-api)
23. [WebXR API](#webxr-api)
24. [Page Visibility API](#page-visibility-api)
25. [Fullscreen API](#fullscreen-api)
26. [Pointer Lock API](#pointer-lock-api)
27. [Clipboard API](#clipboard-api)
28. [Credential Management API](#credential-management-api)
29. [Intersection Observer API](#intersection-observer-api)
30. [Resize Observer API](#resize-observer-api)
31. [Performance API](#performance-api)
32. [WebAssembly API](#webassembly-api)
33. [Server-Sent Events API](#server-sent-events-api)
34. [Channel Messaging API](#channel-messaging-api)
35. [Web Cryptography API](#web-cryptography-api)
36. [Media Source Extensions API](#media-source-extensions-api)
37. [Encrypted Media Extensions API](#encrypted-media-extensions-api)
38. [Picture-in-Picture API](#picture-in-picture-api)
39. [Screen Capture API](#screen-capture-api)
40. [Device Orientation API](#device-orientation-api)
41. [Vibration API](#vibration-api)
42. [Battery Status API](#battery-status-api)
43. [Network Information API](#network-information-api)
44. [Presentation API](#presentation-api)
45. [Ambient Light API](#ambient-light-api)
46. [Proximity API](#proximity-api)
47. [Gamepad API](#gamepad-api)
48. [Web MIDI API](#web-midi-api)
49. [Web Authentication API](#web-authentication-api)
50. [Web Locks API](#web-locks-api)
51. [WebHID API](#webhid-api)
52. [Web Serial API](#web-serial-api)
53. [WebTransport API](#webtransport-api)
54. [Web Codecs API](#web-codecs-api)
55. [WebGPU API](#webgpu-api)
56. [HTML5 API兼容性与未来发展](#html5-api兼容性与未来发展)
57. [总结](#总结)

## HTML5 API概述

HTML5作为现代Web开发的核心技术标准,不仅引入了语义化标签,更重要的是提供了丰富的API接口,使Web应用能够具备原生应用般的强大功能...

(此处展开详细说明,约600字)

## Canvas绘图API

### 基本概念
Canvas API允许通过JavaScript动态绘制2D图形,主要应用于数据可视化、游戏开发等领域...

### 核心方法
```javascript
const canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
ctx.fillStyle = 'green';
ctx.fillRect(10, 10, 150, 100);

实际应用案例

  1. 图表绘制
  2. 图像处理
  3. 游戏开发

(详细展开每个部分,约800字)

SVG矢量图形API

与Canvas的区别: - 基于XML的矢量图形 - DOM接口操作 - 适合需要交互的复杂图形

(详细展开,约700字)

Web Storage API

localStorage与sessionStorage对比

特性 localStorage sessionStorage
生命周期 永久存储 会话期间有效
存储容量 5MB 5MB

(详细展开,约600字)

IndexedDB API

高级客户端存储方案:

const request = indexedDB.open('myDatabase', 1);

request.onupgradeneeded = (event) => {
  const db = event.target.result;
  const store = db.createObjectStore('books', {keyPath: 'isbn'});
};

(详细展开,约800字)

Web Workers API

多线程编程示例:

// 主线程
const worker = new Worker('worker.js');
worker.postMessage('Start processing');

// worker.js
self.onmessage = (e) => {
  const result = heavyComputation(e.data);
  self.postMessage(result);
};

(详细展开,约700字)

WebSocket API

实时通信实现:

const socket = new WebSocket('wss://example.com');

socket.onopen = () => {
  socket.send('Hello Server!');
};

socket.onmessage = (event) => {
  console.log('Message from server', event.data);
};

(详细展开,约750字)

Geolocation API

定位服务实现:

navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(
  (position) => {
    console.log(position.coords.latitude, position.coords.longitude);
  },
  (error) => {
    console.error(error);
  }
);

(详细展开,约600字)

WebRTC API

实时通信技术栈: 1. 媒体采集(getUserMedia) 2. 建立连接(RTCPeerConnection) 3. 数据传输(RTCDataChannel)

(详细展开,约900字)

File API

文件操作示例:

const fileInput = document.getElementById('fileInput');
fileInput.addEventListener('change', (e) => {
  const file = e.target.files[0];
  const reader = new FileReader();
  reader.onload = (event) => {
    console.log(event.target.result);
  };
  reader.readAsText(file);
});

(详细展开,约700字)

Drag and Drop API

实现拖放功能:

document.addEventListener('dragstart', (e) => {
  e.dataTransfer.setData('text/plain', e.target.id);
});

document.addEventListener('drop', (e) => {
  e.preventDefault();
  const id = e.dataTransfer.getData('text/plain');
  e.target.appendChild(document.getElementById(id));
});

(详细展开,约600字)

History API

单页应用路由控制:

// 添加历史记录
history.pushState({page: 1}, 'Title 1', '/page1');

// 监听popstate事件
window.addEventListener('popstate', (e) => {
  console.log('Location changed to', document.location.href);
});

(详细展开,约650字)

Web Components

自定义元素实现:

class MyElement extends HTMLElement {
  constructor() {
    super();
    this.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
    this.shadowRoot.innerHTML = `<p>Custom Element</p>`;
  }
}
customElements.define('my-element', MyElement);

(详细展开,约800字)

Web Audio API

音频处理流程: 1. 创建音频上下文 2. 构建音频节点图 3. 连接节点并处理

(详细展开,约750字)

Web Speech API

语音识别与合成:

// 语音识别
const recognition = new webkitSpeechRecognition();
recognition.onresult = (e) => {
  console.log(e.results[0][0].transcript);
};
recognition.start();

// 语音合成
const utterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance('Hello World');
speechSynthesis.speak(utterance);

(详细展开,约700字)

Web Animations API

现代动画实现:

element.animate([
  { transform: 'translateX(0px)' },
  { transform: 'translateX(300px)' }
], {
  duration: 1000,
  iterations: Infinity
});

(详细展开,约650字)

WebGL API

3D图形渲染:

const gl = canvas.getContext('webgl');
gl.clearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

(详细展开,约900字)

Payment Request API

支付流程标准化:

const paymentRequest = new PaymentRequest(
  [{
    supportedMethods: 'https://example.com/pay',
    data: { merchantId: '123' }
  }],
  {
    total: {
      label: 'Total',
      amount: { currency: 'USD', value: '10.00' }
    }
  }
);

paymentRequest.show();

(详细展开,约700字)

Web Share API

内容分享实现:

navigator.share({
  title: 'Web Share API',
  text: 'Learn about HTML5 APIs',
  url: 'https://example.com'
});

(详细展开,约600字)

Web Bluetooth API

蓝牙设备交互:

navigator.bluetooth.requestDevice({
  acceptAllDevices: true
}).then(device => {
  console.log('Connected to', device.name);
});

(详细展开,约700字)

WebUSB API

USB设备访问:

navigator.usb.requestDevice({ filters: [{ vendorId: 0x1234 }] })
  .then(device => {
    return device.open();
  });

(详细展开,约650字)

Web NFC API

近场通信实现:

const reader = new NDEFReader();
reader.scan().then(() => {
  reader.onreading = (event) => {
    console.log(event.message);
  };
});

(详细展开,约600字)

WebXR API

虚拟现实开发:

navigator.xr.requestSession('immersive-vr')
  .then(session => {
    session.requestAnimationFrame(onXRFrame);
  });

(详细展开,约800字)

Page Visibility API

页面可见性检测:

document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', () => {
  if (document.hidden) {
    console.log('Page is hidden');
  } else {
    console.log('Page is visible');
  }
});

(详细展开,约550字)

Fullscreen API

全屏控制:

// 进入全屏
document.documentElement.requestFullscreen();

// 退出全屏
document.exitFullscreen();

(详细展开,约600字)

Pointer Lock API

鼠标锁定实现:

canvas.requestPointerLock = canvas.requestPointerLock || 
                          canvas.mozRequestPointerLock;

canvas.onclick = () => {
  canvas.requestPointerLock();
};

(详细展开,约550字)

Clipboard API

剪贴板操作:

navigator.clipboard.writeText('Text to copy')
  .then(() => {
    console.log('Text copied');
  });

(详细展开,约600字)

Credential Management API

凭据管理:

navigator.credentials.get({
  password: true,
  mediation: 'required'
}).then(cred => {
  if (cred) {
    autoSignIn(cred);
  }
});

(详细展开,约650字)

Intersection Observer API

元素可见性观察:

const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
  entries.forEach(entry => {
    if (entry.isIntersecting) {
      entry.target.classList.add('visible');
    }
  });
});

observer.observe(document.querySelector('.target'));

(详细展开,约700字)

Resize Observer API

元素尺寸变化监测:

const resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(entries => {
  for (let entry of entries) {
    console.log('New dimensions:', entry.contentRect);
  }
});

resizeObserver.observe(document.getElementById('resizable'));

(详细展开,约600字)

Performance API

性能监测:

// 测量代码执行时间
performance.mark('start');
// 执行代码...
performance.mark('end');
performance.measure('My Measure', 'start', 'end');

(详细展开,约650字)

WebAssembly API

高性能计算:

WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(fetch('module.wasm'))
  .then(obj => {
    obj.instance.exports.myFunction();
  });

(详细展开,约700字)

Server-Sent Events API

服务器推送:

const eventSource = new EventSource('/updates');
eventSource.onmessage = (e) => {
  console.log('New update:', e.data);
};

(详细展开,约600字)

Channel Messaging API

跨文档通信:

// 主文档
const channel = new MessageChannel();
iframe.postMessage('init', '*', [channel.port2]);

// iframe内
window.addEventListener('message', (e) => {
  const port = e.ports[0];
  port.postMessage('Hello from iframe');
});

(详细展开,约650字)

Web Cryptography API

加密操作:

window.crypto.subtle.generateKey(
  { name: 'AES-GCM', length: 256 },
  true,
  ['encrypt', 'decrypt']
).then(key => {
  console.log('Key generated:', key);
});

(详细展开,约700字)

Media Source Extensions API

动态媒体流:

const mediaSource = new MediaSource();
video.src = URL.createObjectURL(mediaSource);

mediaSource.addEventListener('sourceopen', () => {
  const sourceBuffer = mediaSource.addSourceBuffer('video/mp4; codecs="avc1.42E01E"');
  // 添加媒体片段
});

(详细展开,约650字)

Encrypted Media Extensions API

加密媒体播放:

const config = [{
  initDataTypes: ['cenc'],
  videoCapabilities: [{
    contentType: 'video/mp4; codecs="avc1.42E01E"'
  }]
}];

navigator.requestMediaKeySystemAccess('com.widevine.alpha', config)
  .then(access => {
    return access.createMediaKeys();
  });

(详细展开,约600字)

Picture-in-Picture API

画中画模式:

video.requestPictureInPicture()
  .catch(error => {
    console.error('PiP failed:', error);
  });

(详细展开,约550字)

Screen Capture API

屏幕捕获:

navigator.mediaDevices.getDisplayMedia({ video: true })
  .then(stream => {
    videoElement.srcObject = stream;
  });

(详细展开,约600字)

Device Orientation API

设备方向检测:

window.addEventListener('deviceorientation', (e) => {
  console.log(`Alpha: ${e.alpha}, Beta: ${e.beta}, Gamma: ${e.gamma}`);
});

(详细展开,约550字)

Vibration API

设备震动控制:

// 震动1秒
navigator.vibrate(1000);

// 模式震动
navigator.vibrate([100, 50, 100]);

(详细展开,约500字)

Battery Status API

电池状态监测:

navigator.getBattery().then(battery => {
  console.log(`Level: ${battery.level * 100}%`);
  console.log(`Charging: ${battery.charging}`);
});

(详细展开,约550字)

Network Information API

网络状态检测:

console.log('Connection type:', navigator.connection.effectiveType);
console.log('Downlink speed:', navigator.connection.downlink);

navigator.connection.addEventListener('change', () => {
  console.log('Network changed');
});

(详细展开,约600字)

Presentation API

多屏展示:

const request = new PresentationRequest('https://example.com/presentation');
request.start().then(connection => {
  console.log('Connected to presentation display');
});

(详细展开,约550字)

Ambient Light API

环境光检测:

const sensor = new AmbientLightSensor();
sensor.onreading = () => {
  console.log('Current light level:', sensor.illuminance);
};
sensor.start();

(详细展开,约500字)

Proximity API

接近传感器:

const sensor = new ProximitySensor();
sensor.onreading = () => {
  console.log('Distance:', sensor.distance);
};
sensor.start();

(详细展开,约500字)

Gamepad API

游戏手柄支持:

window.addEventListener('gamepadconnected', (e) => {
  console.log('Gamepad connected:', e.gamepad);
});

(详细展开,约600字)

Web MIDI API

音乐设备接口:

navigator.requestMIDIAccess().then(access => {
  const inputs = access.inputs.values();
  for (let input of inputs) {
    input.onmidimessage = (e) => {
      console.log('MIDI message:', e.data);
    };
  }
});

(详细展开,约550字)

Web Authentication API

生物识别认证:

navigator.credentials.create({
  publicKey: {
    challenge: new Uint8Array([...]),
    rp: { name: 'Example Corp' },
    user: {
      id: new Uint8Array([...]),
      name: 'user@example.com',
      displayName: 'User'
    },
    pubKeyCredParams: [{ type: 'public-key', alg: -7 }]
  }
}).then(newCredential => {
  console.log('New credential:', newCredential);
});

(详细展开,约700字)

Web Locks API

资源锁定:

navigator.locks.request('my_resource', async lock => {
  // 独占访问资源
  await doWorkOnResource();
});

(详细展开,约600字)

WebHID API

人机接口设备:

navigator.hid.requestDevice({ filters: [{ vendorId: 0x1234 }] })
  .then(devices => {
    return devices[0].open();
  });

(详细展开

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