css3如何控制元素隐藏

发布时间:2022-01-13 14:04:40 作者:小新
来源:亿速云 阅读:197

这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关css3如何控制元素隐藏,小编觉得挺实用的,因此分享给大家做个参考,希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。

控制方式:1、使用“display:none”语句将元素移除出可访问性树,进而实现元素隐藏;2、使用“visibility: hidden”语句设置元素不可见;3、使用“opacity: 0”语句设置元素透明;4、让元素脱离屏幕显示位置等。

本教程操作环境:windows7系统、CSS3&&HTML5版、Dell G3电脑。

css3控制元素隐藏的方式

第一种:移除出可访问性树

display : none

display属性可以设置元素的内部和外部显示类型。将display设置为none会将元素从可访问性树中移除。

代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/>
        <title>display : none</title>
        <style type="text/css">
            p {
                background-color: red;
                width: 100px;
                height: 100px;
                line-height: 100px;
                text-align: center;
                margin-top: 24px;
            }
            button {
                background-color: black;
                color: white;
            }
            #bt {
                display : none;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p>
            <button id="normal">按钮</button>
        </p>
        <p>
            <button id="bt">按钮</button>
        </p>

        <script type="text/javascript">
            let normal = document.getElementById('normal');
            let bt = document.getElementById('bt');
            normal.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click normal');   
            })
            bt.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click bt');   
            })
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

第二种:隐藏元素

visibility: hidden

将visibility设置为hidden会使元素不可见,但此时元素仍然位于可访问性树中(display: none时元素被移出可访问性树 ),注册点击事件无效。

代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/>
        <title>visibility: hidden</title>
        <style type="text/css">
            p {
                background-color: red;
                width: 100px;
                height: 100px;
                line-height: 100px;
                text-align: center;
                margin-top: 24px;
            }
            button {
                background-color: black;
                color: white;
            }
            #bt {
                visibility: hidden;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p>
            <button id="normal">按钮</button>
        </p>
        <p>
            <button id="bt">按钮</button>
        </p>

        <script type="text/javascript">
            let normal = document.getElementById('normal');
            let bt = document.getElementById('bt');
            normal.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click normal');   
            })
            bt.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click bt');   
            })
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

第三种:透明

opacity: 0

opacity(不透明度),取值范围0(完全透明) ~ 1(完全不透明),将opacity设置为0会使元素完全透明,此时元素不可见(因为它是透明的),仍然位于可访问性树中,注册点击事件有效。

代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/>
        <title>opacity: 0</title>
        <style type="text/css">
            p {
                background-color: red;
                width: 100px;
                height: 100px;
                line-height: 100px;
                text-align: center;
                margin-top: 24px;
            }
            button {
                background-color: black;
                color: white;
            }
            #bt {
                opacity: 0;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p>
            <button id="normal">按钮</button>
        </p>
        <p>
            <button id="bt">按钮</button>
        </p>

        <script type="text/javascript">
            let normal = document.getElementById('normal');
            let bt = document.getElementById('bt');
            normal.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click normal');   
            })
            bt.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click bt');   
            })
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

transparent

将元素的background-color、color和border-color设置为transparent(透明),此时元素不可见(因为它是透明的),仍然位于可访问性树中,注册点击事件有效。

代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/>
        <title>transparent</title>
        <style type="text/css">
            p {
                background-color: red;
                width: 100px;
                height: 100px;
                line-height: 100px;
                text-align: center;
                margin-top: 24px;
            }
            button {
                background-color: black;
                color: white;
            }
            #bt {
                color: transparent;
                background-color: transparent;
                border-color: transparent;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p>
            <button id="normal">按钮</button>
        </p>
        <p>
            <button id="bt">按钮</button>
        </p>

        <script type="text/javascript">
            let normal = document.getElementById('normal');
            let bt = document.getElementById('bt');
            normal.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click normal');   
            })
            bt.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click bt');   
            })
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

rgba(0,0,0,0)

从技术上说,transparent是 rgba(0,0,0,0) 的简写,将元素的background-color、color和border-color设置为rgba(0,0,0,0)(透明),此时元素不可见(因为它是透明的),仍然位于可访问性树中,注册点击事件有效。

代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/>
        <title>rgba(0,0,0,0)</title>
        <style type="text/css">
            p {
                background-color: red;
                width: 100px;
                height: 100px;
                line-height: 100px;
                text-align: center;
                margin-top: 24px;
            }
            button {
                background-color: black;
                color: white;
            }
            #bt {
                color: rgba(0,0,0,0);
                background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0);
                border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0);
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p>
            <button id="normal">按钮</button>
        </p>
        <p>
            <button id="bt">按钮</button>
        </p>

        <script type="text/javascript">
            let normal = document.getElementById('normal');
            let bt = document.getElementById('bt');
            normal.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click normal');   
            })
            bt.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click bt');   
            })
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

rgba只需要第四个参数为0即可达到隐藏元素的效果。

hsla(0,0%,0%,0)

hsla使用元素隐藏的机制与rgba一致,都是由第四个参数Alpha所控制的,将元素的background-color、color和border-color设置为hsla(0,0%,0%,0),此时元素不可见(因为它是透明的),仍然位于可访问性树中,注册点击事件有效。

代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/>
        <title>hsla(0,0%,0%,0)</title>
        <style type="text/css">
            p {
                background-color: red;
                width: 100px;
                height: 100px;
                line-height: 100px;
                text-align: center;
                margin-top: 24px;
            }
            button {
                background-color: black;
                color: white;
            }
            #bt {
                color: hsla(0,0%,0%,0);
                background-color: hsla(0,0%,0%,0);
                border-color: hsla(0,0%,0%,0);
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p>
            <button id="normal">按钮</button>
        </p>
        <p>
            <button id="bt">按钮</button>
        </p>

        <script type="text/javascript">
            let normal = document.getElementById('normal');
            let bt = document.getElementById('bt');
            normal.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click normal');   
            })
            bt.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click bt');   
            })
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

hsla和rgba一致,只需要第四个参数为0即可达到隐藏元素的效果。

filter: opacity(0%)

filter(滤镜) opacity(0% ~ 100%)转化图像的透明程度,值范围于0%(完全透明) ~ 100%(完全不透明)之间。将元素的filter设置为opacity(0%),此时元素不可见(因为它是透明的),仍然位于可访问性树中,注册点击事件有效。

代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/>
        <title>filter: opacity(0%)</title>
        <style type="text/css">
            p {
                background-color: red;
                width: 100px;
                height: 100px;
                line-height: 100px;
                text-align: center;
                margin-top: 24px;
            }
            button {
                background-color: black;
                color: white;
            }
            #bt {
                filter: opacity(0%);
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p>
            <button id="normal">按钮</button>
        </p>
        <p>
            <button id="bt">按钮</button>
        </p>

        <script type="text/javascript">
            let normal = document.getElementById('normal');
            let bt = document.getElementById('bt');
            normal.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click normal');   
            })
            bt.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click bt');   
            })
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

第四种:缩放

transform: scale(0, 0)

将transform设置为scale(0, 0)会使元素在x轴和y轴上都缩放到0像素,此元素会显示,也会占用位置,但是因为已经缩放到0%,元素和内容占用像素比为0*0,所以看不到此元素及其内容,也无法点击。

代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/>
        <title>transform: scale(0, 0)</title>
        <style type="text/css">
            p {
                background-color: red;
                width: 100px;
                height: 100px;
                line-height: 100px;
                text-align: center;
                margin-top: 24px;
            }
            button {
                background-color: black;
                color: white;
            }
            #bt {
                transform: scale(0,0);
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p>
            <button id="normal">按钮</button>
        </p>
        <p>
            <button id="bt">按钮</button>
        </p>

        <script type="text/javascript">
            let normal = document.getElementById('normal');
            let bt = document.getElementById('bt');
            normal.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click normal');   
            })
            bt.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click bt');   
            })
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

width: 0;height: 0;overflow: hidden

将width和height都设置为0,使元素占用像素比为0*0,但此时会出现两种情况:

这个方法跟transform: scale(0,0)的不同点在于:transform: scale(0,0)是将元素与内容都进行缩放,而此方法是将元素缩放到0px,再裁剪掉元素外的元素内容。

代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/>
        <title>width: 0;height: 0;overflow: hidden</title>
        <style type="text/css">
            p {
                background-color: red;
                width: 100px;
                height: 100px;
                line-height: 100px;
                text-align: center;
                margin-top: 24px;
            }
            button {
                background-color: black;
                color: white;
            }
            #bt {
                width:0;
                height:0;
                overflow: hidden;
                border-width: 0;/* user agent stylesheet中border-width: 2px; */
                padding: 0;/* user agent stylesheet中padding: 1px 6px; */
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p>
            <button id="normal">按钮</button>
        </p>
        <p>
            <button id="bt">按钮</button>
        </p>

        <script type="text/javascript">
            let normal = document.getElementById('normal');
            let bt = document.getElementById('bt');
            normal.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click normal');   
            })
            bt.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click bt');   
            })
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

第五种:脱离屏幕显示位置

脱离屏幕显示位置同样可以使元素不可见,但是达到这种效果的css样式太多了,这里只举例一种情况说明。

代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/>
        <title>脱离屏幕显示位置</title>
        <style type="text/css">
            p {
                background-color: red;
                width: 100px;
                height: 100px;
                line-height: 100px;
                text-align: center;
                margin-top: 24px;
            }
            button {
                background-color: black;
                color: white;
            }
            #bt {
                position: fixed;
                top: -100px;
                left: -100px;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p>
            <button id="normal">按钮</button>
        </p>
        <p>
            <button id="bt">按钮</button>
        </p>

        <script type="text/javascript">
            let normal = document.getElementById('normal');
            let bt = document.getElementById('bt');
            normal.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click normal');   
            })
            bt.addEventListener('click',function(){
                alert('click bt');   
            })
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

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