Html5怎么实现微信语音功能

发布时间:2022-02-22 15:01:41 作者:iii
来源:亿速云 阅读:150

本篇内容介绍了“Html5怎么实现微信语音功能”的有关知识,在实际案例的操作过程中,不少人都会遇到这样的困境,接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧!希望大家仔细阅读,能够学有所成!

随着微信等社交App的兴起,语音聊天成为很多App必备功能,大到将语音聊天作为主要功能的社交App,小到电商App的语音客服、店小二功能,语音聊天成为了必不可少的方式。

但是很多人感觉网页端语音离我们很遥远,这些更多是本地应用的工作,其实不然,随着Html5的发展,语音功能也渐渐成为前端必会的功能之一。

为什么要学会HTML5 的语音呢?

1.Html5 规范推进,手机的更新加速了操作系统更新,语音功能将会变成前端主要的工作之一,就像现在的canvas一样。前端实现语音功能开发速度更快,更节省人力(这意味着给老板省钱,给老板省钱就是在给自己涨工资)

2.即使是现在本地应用做语音功能,熟悉前端语音交互的各种坑能够让你们的同事关系更和谐,协作更顺畅,而不是互相掐架。

3.了解新的技术可以预防面试,二来可以预判技术潮流,不至于学了一堆屠龙之技或者墨守成规,更有利于让自己的知识和职业核心竞争力一直处在食物链的顶端。

4.前端大部分人对语音功能有误解,以为语音功能就是HTML5 audio标签而已,事实上真的不是那么简单的"而已"

首先我们先整一个html页面:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>微信语音</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/record.css">
</head>
<body>
    <div id="wrap">
        <header id="header">
            <div id="left">
                <i class="material-icons">
                    chevron_left
                </i>
                微信(184)
            </div>
            <div id="mid">艾达·王</div>
            <div id="right">
                <i class="material-icons">
                    more_horiz
                </i>
            </div>
        </header>
        <div id="contentWrap">
            <ul id="chatList">
                <li class="item_me">
                    <div class="chatContent">我是不是你最疼爱的人?
                        <span class="bot"></span>
                        <span class="top"></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="avatar">
                        <img src="images/ava1.png" alt="">
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li class="item_you">
                    <div class="avatar">
                        <img src="images/ava2.jpg" alt="">
                    </div>
                    <div class="chatContent">奔跑吧,兄弟!(滚犊子)
                        <span class="bot"></span>
                        <span class="top"></span>
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li class="item_me">
                    <div class="chatContent">这里我就不多说了,上来就是一梭子代码……
                        <span class="bot"></span>
                        <span class="top"></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="avatar">
                        <img src="images/ava1.png" alt="">
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li class="item_you">
                    <div class="avatar">
                        <img src="images/ava2.jpg" alt="">
                    </div>
                    <div class="chatContent">大彬哥,你说你咋这么优秀呢?看见你我有一种大海的感觉
                        <span class="bot"></span>
                        <span class="top"></span>
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li class="item_me">
                    <div class="chatContent">老妹儿,你是不是喜欢上我了呢……
                        <span class="bot"></span>
                        <span class="top"></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="avatar">
                        <img src="images/ava1.png" alt="">
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li class="item_you">
                    <div class="avatar">
                        <img src="images/ava2.jpg" alt="">
                    </div>
                    <div class="chatContent">不是,我晕船,看见你想吐……
                        <span class="bot"></span>
                        <span class="top"></span>
                    </div>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </div>
        <footer id="footer">
            <div id="keyboard">
                <i class="material-icons">
                    keyboard
                </i>
            </div>
            <div id="sayBtn">
                <span id="sendBtn" class="sendBtn">按下 说话</span>
            </div>
            <div id="icon"><i class="material-icons">
                    sentiment_satisfied
                </i></div>
            <div id="add"><i class="material-icons">
                    add_circle_outline
                </i></div>
        </footer>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

css部分:

*{
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}
ul li{ list-style: none;}
html,body{
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    overflow: hidden;
}

body{
    background: #ebebeb;
}
@font-face {
    font-family: 'Material Icons';
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 400;
    src: url(../css/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.eot); /* For IE6-8 */
    src: local('Material Icons'),
      local('MaterialIcons-Regular'),
      url(../css/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.woff) format('woff2'),
      url(../css/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.woff2) format('woff'),
      url(../css/iconfont/MaterialIcons-Regular.ttf) format('truetype');
  }

  .material-icons {
    font-family: 'Material Icons';
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 32px;  /* Preferred icon size */
    display: inline-block;
    /* line-height: 0.01rem; */
    text-transform: none;
    letter-spacing: normal;
    word-wrap: normal;
    white-space: nowrap;
    direction: ltr;
  
    /* Support for all WebKit browsers. */
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    /* Support for Safari and Chrome. */
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  
    /* Support for Firefox. */
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  
    /* Support for IE. */
    font-feature-settings: 'liga';
  }
#wrap{
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
    height: 100%;
}
#header{
    height: 46px;
    line-height: 46px;
    background: #363539;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    color: #fff;
    justify-content: space-between;
}

#header #left{
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    font-size: 14px;
    width: 100px;
}
#header #right{
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    width: 100px;
    justify-content: flex-end;

}
#header #right i{
    padding-right: 6px;
}
#header #mid{
    text-align: center;
    flex: 1;
}
#contentWrap{
    flex: 1;
    overflow-y:auto;
}

.item_me,.item_audio{
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    justify-content:flex-end;
    padding: 8px;
}
.item_you{
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    justify-content:flex-start;
    padding: 8px;
}
.avatar{
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
}
.avatar img{width: 100%;}
.item_me .chatContent{
    padding: 10px;
    background: #a0e75a;
    border: 1px solid #6fb44d;
    margin-right: 15px;
    border-radius: 5px;
    position: relative;
}
.chatContent span{width:0; height:0; font-size:0; overflow:hidden; position:absolute;}
.item_me .chatContent span.bot{
    border-width:8px; 
    border-style:solid dashed dashed; 
    border-color: transparent transparent transparent #6fb44d; 
    right:-17px; 
    top:10px;
}
.item_me .chatContent span.top{
    border-width:8px; 
    border-style:solid dashed dashed; 
    border-color:transparent transparent transparent #a0e75a ;  
    right:-15px; 
    top:10px;
} 
.item_you .chatContent{
    padding: 10px;
    background: #a0e75a;
    border: 1px solid #6fb44d;
    margin-left: 15px;
    border-radius: 5px;
    position: relative;
} 
.item_you .chatContent span.bot{
    border-width:8px; 
    border-style:solid dashed dashed; 
    border-color: transparent #6fb44d transparent transparent ; 
    left:-17px; 
    top:10px;
}
.item_you .chatContent span.top{
    border-width:8px; 
    border-style:solid dashed dashed; 
    border-color:transparent #a0e75a transparent transparent  ;  
    left:-15px; 
    top:10px;
}        

#footer{
    height: 46px;
    padding: 0 4px;
    background: #f4f5f6;
    border-top: 1px solid #d7d7d8;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    color: #7f8389;
    justify-content: space-around;
}
#sayBtn{
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    margin: 0 5px;
    color:#565656;
    font-weight: bold;
}
.sendBtn{
    display: block;
    flex: 1;
    padding: 8px;
    background: #f4f5f6;
    border:1px solid #bec2c1;
    border-radius: 5px;
    text-align: center;

}
.activeBtn{
    display: block;
    flex: 1;
    padding: 8px;
    background: #c6c7ca;
    border:1px solid #bec2c1;
    border-radius: 5px;
    text-align: center;
}
.item_audio .chatContent{
    padding: 6px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid #999;
    border-radius: 5px;
    margin-right: 15px;
    position: relative;
    width:120px;
    min-height: 20px;

}
.item_audio .chatContent span.bot{
    border-width:8px; 
    border-style:solid dashed dashed; 
    border-color: transparent transparent transparent #999; 
    right:-17px; 
    top:10px;
}
.item_audio .chatContent span.top{
    border-width:8px; 
    border-style:solid dashed dashed; 
    border-color:transparent transparent transparent #fff ;  
    right:-15px; 
    top:10px;
} 
.material-icons_wifi{
    transform: rotate(90deg);
    color: #a5a5a5;
    font-size: 22px;
}
.redDot{
    background: #f45454;
    border-radius: 50%;
    width: 8px;
    height: 8px;
    margin-right: 10px;
}

这里我说两个注意点,

1.html部分:

图省事我并没有像素级切图,图省事我也直接用了svg图标,具体库我使用的是

https://material.io/tools/icons/?style=outline

2.css部分:使用flex布局。我只是为了讲解Html5功能,所以flex并没有写兼容性写法,另外App头部部分写法大家注意一下,那里是非常常用的。

下面说重点js部分。

<!DOCTYP html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>微信语音</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/record.css">
    <script>
        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
            var oSendBtn = document.getElementById('sendBtn');
            var soundClips = document.querySelector('.sound-clips');
            var mediaRecorder;
            var oChatList = document.getElementById('chatList');
            navigator.getUserMedia = (navigator.getUserMedia ||
                navigator.webkitGetUserMedia ||
                navigator.mozGetUserMedia ||
                navigator.msGetUserMedia);
            if (navigator.mediaDevices && navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia) {
                navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(
                    // constraints - only audio needed for this app
                    {
                        audio: true
                    })
                    // Success callback
                    .then(function (stream) {
                        rec(stream);
                    })
                    // Error callback
                    .catch(function (err) {
                    }
                    );
            } else {
            }
             function rec(stream) {
                mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder(stream);
                oSendBtn.addEventListener('touchstart', function (ev) {
                    ev.preventDefault();
                    this.innerHTML = '松开 结束';
                    this.classList.add('activeBtn');
                    mediaRecorder.start();
                }, false);
                oSendBtn.addEventListener('touchend', function (ev) {
                    ev.preventDefault();
                    this.innerHTML = '按下 说话';
                    this.classList.remove('activeBtn');
                    mediaRecorder.stop();
                }, false);
                mediaRecorder.ondataavailable = function (e) {
                    var clipContainer = document.createElement('li');
                    var audio = document.createElement('audio');
                    clipContainer.classList.add('item_audio');
                    clipContainer.innerHTML = `
                    <div class = "redDot"></div>
                    <div class="chatContent">
                        <i class="material-icons material-icons_wifi">wifi</i>
                        <span class="bot"></span>
                        <span class="top"></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="avatar">
                        <img src="images/ava1.png" alt="">
                    </div>`;
                    audio.setAttribute('controls', '');
                    oChatList.appendChild(clipContainer);
                    var audioURL = window.URL.createObjectURL(e.data);
                    audio.src = audioURL;
                    oChatList.addEventListener('touchstart', function (ev) {
                        if (ev.srcElement.parentNode.className!== 'item_audio') return;
                        audio.play();
                        ev.srcElement.parentNode.removeChild(ev.srcElement.parentNode.children[0])
                    }, false);
                };
            }
        }, false);
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="wrap">
        <header id="header">
            <div id="left">
                <i class="material-icons">
                    chevron_left
                </i>
                微信(184)
            </div>
            <div id="mid">艾达·王</div>
            <div id="right">
                <i class="material-icons">
                    more_horiz
                </i>
            </div>
        </header>
        <div id="contentWrap">
            <ul id="chatList">
                <li class="item_me">
                    <div class="chatContent">我是不是你最疼爱的人?
                        <span class="bot"></span>
                        <span class="top"></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="avatar">
                        <img src="images/ava1.png" alt="">
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li class="item_you">
                    <div class="avatar">
                        <img src="images/ava2.jpg" alt="">
                    </div>
                    <div class="chatContent">奔跑吧,兄弟!(滚犊子)
                        <span class="bot"></span>
                        <span class="top"></span>
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li class="item_me">
                    <div class="chatContent">这里我就不多说了,上来就是一梭子代码……
                        <span class="bot"></span>
                        <span class="top"></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="avatar">
                        <img src="images/ava1.png" alt="">
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li class="item_you">
                    <div class="avatar">
                        <img src="images/ava2.jpg" alt="">
                    </div>
                    <div class="chatContent">大彬哥,你说你咋这么优秀呢?看见你我有一种大海的感觉
                        <span class="bot"></span>
                        <span class="top"></span>
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li class="item_me">
                    <div class="chatContent">老妹儿,你是不是喜欢上我了呢……
                        <span class="bot"></span>
                        <span class="top"></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="avatar">
                        <img src="images/ava1.png" alt="">
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li class="item_you">
                    <div class="avatar">
                        <img src="images/ava2.jpg" alt="">
                    </div>
                    <div class="chatContent">不是,我晕船,看见你想吐……
                        <span class="bot"></span>
                        <span class="top"></span>
                    </div>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </div>
        <footer id="footer">
            <div id="keyboard">
                <i class="material-icons">
                    keyboard
                </i>
            </div>
            <div id="sayBtn">
                <span id="sendBtn" class="sendBtn">按下 说话</span>
            </div>
            <div id="icon"><i class="material-icons">
                    sentiment_satisfied
                </i></div>
            <div id="add"><i class="material-icons">
                    add_circle_outline
                </i></div>
        </footer>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

这里实现的录影功能要注意的点很多,我们一个个说,

第一个东西,

 navigator.getUserMedia = (navigator.getUserMedia ||

                navigator.webkitGetUserMedia ||
                navigator.mozGetUserMedia ||
                navigator.msGetUserMedia);
            if (navigator.mediaDevices && navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia) {
                navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(
                    {
                        audio: true
                    })
                    // Success callback
                    .then(function (stream) {
                        rec(stream);
                    })
                    // Error callback
                    .catch(function (err) {
                    }
                    );
            } else {
            }

当大家看一些html5关于录音的接口的时候,你看到这个

Navigator.getUserMedia()

就要小心了,这个是老规范的东西了,被废了,新的是

navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia

html5 多媒体里面的语音这块换了好几茬规范,很乱,有些标签甚至一个浏览器都没实现过,未曾绽放就枯萎了,你也不用关心也没必要浪费那个时间知道,你只要知道我说这些就够了,因为你知道那些被废掉的过往没啥用,有那个时间还不如来一局LOL或者王者荣耀(虽然我并不懂二者的区别,不过这两个游戏应该都挺好玩吧,没玩过不懂)。

里面的东西大家也不需要看懂,什么promise了,什么媒体流了,你不用知道,你就知道这样一件事就行了,

上面的代码就相当于打开了水龙头(或者说按下的录音机的录音键),那么我们得有东西接着水啊,我们可以用电饭锅(录音机的话就是磁带)放水龙头下面看着它往里面ci(我们老家话,射的意思),如下代码

mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder(stream);

接下来就是,一按按钮就生米煮成熟饭了,对应录音机就是录完了按按钮就播放了,但是在我们程序里面要想播放你不仅要有磁带,还得有录音机,录音机就是audio标签,没有好办,我们new一个。这个世界上没有什么对象是程序员不敢new的,new一个不行,就new两个。剩下的代码除了吓人之外,没啥缺点,简单的令人发指。

mediaRecorder.ondataavailable = function (e) {
                    var clipContainer = document.createElement('li');
                    var audio = document.createElement('audio');
                    clipContainer.classList.add('item_audio');
                    clipContainer.innerHTML = `
                    <div class = "redDot"></div>
                    <div class="chatContent">
                        <i class="material-icons material-icons_wifi">wifi</i>
                        <span class="bot"></span>
                        <span class="top"></span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="avatar">
                        <img src="images/ava1.png" alt="">
                    </div>`;
                    audio.setAttribute('controls', '');
                    oChatList.appendChild(clipContainer);
                    var audioURL = window.URL.createObjectURL(e.data);
                    audio.src = audioURL;
                    oChatList.addEventListener('touchstart', function (ev) {
                        if (ev.srcElement.parentNode.className!== 'item_audio') return;
                        audio.play();
                        ev.srcElement.parentNode.removeChild(ev.srcElement.parentNode.children[0])
                    }, false);
                };

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