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小编给大家分享一下使用tensorflow2自定义损失函数需要注意什么,相信大部分人都还不怎么了解,因此分享这篇文章给大家参考一下,希望大家阅读完这篇文章后大有收获,下面让我们一起去了解一下吧!
Keras的核心原则是逐步揭示复杂性,可以在保持相应的高级便利性的同时,对操作细节进行更多控制。当我们要自定义fit中的训练算法时,可以重写模型中的train_step方法,然后调用fit来训练模型。
这里以tensorflow2官网中的例子来说明:
import numpy as np import tensorflow as tf from tensorflow import keras x = np.random.random((1000, 32)) y = np.random.random((1000, 1)) class CustomModel(keras.Model): tf.random.set_seed(100) def train_step(self, data): # Unpack the data. Its structure depends on your model and # on what you pass to `fit()`. x, y = data with tf.GradientTape() as tape: y_pred = self(x, training=True) # Forward pass # Compute the loss value # (the loss function is configured in `compile()`) loss = self.compiled_loss(y, y_pred, regularization_losses=self.losses) # Compute gradients trainable_vars = self.trainable_variables gradients = tape.gradient(loss, trainable_vars) # Update weights self.optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(gradients, trainable_vars)) # Update metrics (includes the metric that tracks the loss) self.compiled_metrics.update_state(y, y_pred) # Return a dict mapping metric names to current value return {m.name: m.result() for m in self.metrics} # Construct and compile an instance of CustomModelinputs = keras.Input(shape=(32,)) outputs = keras.layers.Dense(1)(inputs) model = CustomModel(inputs, outputs) model.compile(optimizer="adam", loss=tf.losses.MSE, metrics=["mae"])# Just use `fit` as usualmodel.fit(x, y, epochs=1, shuffle=False) 32/32 [==============================] - 0s 1ms/step - loss: 0.2783 - mae: 0.4257
这里的loss是tensorflow库中实现了的损失函数,如果想自定义损失函数,然后将损失函数传入model.compile中,能正常按我们预想的work吗?
答案竟然是否定的,而且没有错误提示,只是loss计算不会符合我们的预期。
def custom_mse(y_true, y_pred): return tf.reduce_mean((y_true - y_pred)**2, axis=-1) a_true = tf.constant([1., 1.5, 1.2]) a_pred = tf.constant([1., 2, 1.5]) custom_mse(a_true, a_pred) tf.losses.MSE(a_true, a_pred)
以上结果证实了我们自定义loss的正确性,下面我们直接将自定义的loss置入compile中的loss参数中,看看会发生什么。
my_model = CustomModel(inputs, outputs) my_model.compile(optimizer="adam", loss=custom_mse, metrics=["mae"]) my_model.fit(x, y, epochs=1, shuffle=False) 32/32 [==============================] - 0s 820us/step - loss: 0.1628 - mae: 0.3257
我们看到,这里的loss与我们与标准的tf.losses.MSE明显不同。这说明我们自定义的loss以这种方式直接传递进model.compile中,是完全错误的操作。
正确运用自定义loss的姿势是什么呢?下面揭晓。
loss_tracker = keras.metrics.Mean(name="loss") mae_metric = keras.metrics.MeanAbsoluteError(name="mae") class MyCustomModel(keras.Model): tf.random.set_seed(100) def train_step(self, data): # Unpack the data. Its structure depends on your model and # on what you pass to `fit()`. x, y = data with tf.GradientTape() as tape: y_pred = self(x, training=True) # Forward pass # Compute the loss value # (the loss function is configured in `compile()`) loss = custom_mse(y, y_pred) # loss += self.losses # Compute gradients trainable_vars = self.trainable_variables gradients = tape.gradient(loss, trainable_vars) # Update weights self.optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(gradients, trainable_vars)) # Compute our own metrics loss_tracker.update_state(loss) mae_metric.update_state(y, y_pred) return {"loss": loss_tracker.result(), "mae": mae_metric.result()} @property def metrics(self): # We list our `Metric` objects here so that `reset_states()` can be # called automatically at the start of each epoch # or at the start of `evaluate()`. # If you don't implement this property, you have to call # `reset_states()` yourself at the time of your choosing. return [loss_tracker, mae_metric] # Construct and compile an instance of CustomModelinputs = keras.Input(shape=(32,)) outputs = keras.layers.Dense(1)(inputs) my_model_beta = MyCustomModel(inputs, outputs) my_model_beta.compile(optimizer="adam")# Just use `fit` as usualmy_model_beta.fit(x, y, epochs=1, shuffle=False) 32/32 [==============================] - 0s 960us/step - loss: 0.2783 - mae: 0.4257
终于,通过跳过在 compile() 中传递损失函数,而在 train_step 中手动完成所有计算内容,我们获得了与之前默认tf.losses.MSE完全一致的输出,这才是我们想要的结果。
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