Linux如何查看系统信息

在Linux系统中，查看系统信息是一项常见的任务，无论是为了调试、优化性能，还是仅仅为了了解系统的状态。Linux提供了多种命令和工具来获取不同类型的系统信息。本文将介绍一些常用的命令和方法，帮助你快速获取所需的系统信息。

1. 查看系统基本信息

1.1 uname 命令

uname 命令用于显示系统的基本信息，如内核版本、操作系统类型等。

uname -a

输出示例：

Linux hostname 5.4.0-42-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 10 00:24:02 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

• -a 选项显示所有信息，包括内核名称、主机名、内核版本、操作系统类型、硬件架构等。

1.2 lsb_release 命令

lsb_release 命令用于显示Linux发行版的详细信息。

lsb_release -a

输出示例：

Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS
Release:        20.04
Codename:       focal

• -a 选项显示所有信息，包括发行版ID、描述、版本号和代号。

2. 查看硬件信息

2.1 lscpu 命令

lscpu 命令用于显示CPU的详细信息。

lscpu

输出示例：

Architecture:        x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):      32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:          Little Endian
CPU(s):              4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core:  2
Core(s) per socket:  2
Socket(s):           1
NUMA node(s):        1
Vendor ID:           GenuineIntel
CPU family:          6
Model:               158
Model name:          Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8250U CPU @ 1.60GHz
Stepping:            10
CPU MHz:             1800.000
CPU max MHz:         3400.0000
CPU min MHz:         400.0000
BogoMIPS:            3600.00
Virtualization:      VT-x
L1d cache:           32K
L1i cache:           32K
L2 cache:            256K
L3 cache:            6144K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):   0-3

• lscpu 提供了CPU架构、核心数、线程数、缓存大小等详细信息。

2.2 lshw 命令

lshw 命令用于显示系统的硬件信息。

sudo lshw -short

输出示例：

”`bash

H/W path Device Class Description

                      system      Computer

/0 bus Motherboard /0/0 memory 64KiB BIOS /0/1 processor Intel® Core™ i5-8250U CPU @ 1.60GHz /0/1/0 memory 32KiB L1 cache /0/1/1 memory 256KiB L2 cache /0/1/2 memory 6MiB L3 cache /0/2 memory 8GiB System Memory /0/2/0 memory 4GiB SODIMM DDR4 Synchronous 2400 MHz (0.4 ns) /0/2/1 memory 4GiB SODIMM DDR4 Synchronous 2400 MHz (0.4 ns) /0/100 bridge Intel Corporation /0/100/2 display Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 620 /0/100/14 bus Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP USB 3.0 xHCI Controller /0/100/14/0 bus USB 3.0 bus /0/100/14/0/1 input USB Optical Mouse /0/100/14/0/2 input USB Keyboard /0/100/14/1 bus USB 2.0 bus /0/100/14/1/1 input USB Receiver /0/100/16 communication Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP CSME HECI #1 /0/100/17 storage Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP SATA Controller [AHCI mode] /0/100/1c bridge Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #5 /0/100/1c/0 network Intel Corporation Wireless 8265 / 8275 /0/100/1f bridge Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP LPC Controller /0/100/1f.2 memory Memory controller /0/100/1f.3 multimedia Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio /0/100/1f.4 bus Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP SMBus /0/1 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/2 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/3 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/4 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/5 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/6 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/7 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/8 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/9 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/a system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/b system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/c system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/d system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/e system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/f system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/10 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/11 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/12 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/13 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/14 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/15 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/16 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/17 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/18 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/19 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/1a system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/1b system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/1c system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/1d system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/1e system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/1f system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/20 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/21 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/22 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/23 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/24 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/25 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/26 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/27 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/28 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/29 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/2a system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/2b system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/2c system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/2d system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/2e system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/2f system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/30 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/31 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/32 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/33 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/34 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/35 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/36 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/37 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/38 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/39 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/3a system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/3b system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/3c system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/3d system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/3e system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/3f system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/40 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/41 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/42 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/43 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/44 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/45 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/46 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/47 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/48 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/49 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/4a system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/4b system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/4c system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/4d system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/4e system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/4f system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/50 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/51 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/52 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/53 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/54 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/55 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/56 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/57 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/58 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/59 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/5a system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/5b system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/5c system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/5d system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/5e system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/5f system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/60 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/61 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/62 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/63 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/64 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/65 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/66 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/67 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/68 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/69 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/6a system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/6b system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/6c system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/6d system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/6e system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/6f system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/70 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/71 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/72 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/73 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/74 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/75 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/76 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/77 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/78 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/79 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/7a system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/7b system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/7c system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/7d system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/7e system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/7f system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/80 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/81 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/82 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/83 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/84 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/85 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/86 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/87 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/88 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/89 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/8a system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/8b system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/8c system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/8d system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/8e system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/8f system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/90 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/91 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/92 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/93 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/94 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/95 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/96 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/97 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/98 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/99 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/9a system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/9b system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/9c system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/9d system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/9e system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/9f system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/a0 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/a1 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/a2 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/a3 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/a4 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/a5 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/a6 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/a7 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/a8 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/a9 system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/aa system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/ab system PnP device PNP0c02 /0/ac system PnP device PNP0