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这篇文章主要介绍“asp.net怎么使用WebAPI和EF框架结合实现数据的基本操作”的相关知识,小编通过实际案例向大家展示操作过程,操作方法简单快捷,实用性强,希望这篇“asp.net怎么使用WebAPI和EF框架结合实现数据的基本操作”文章能帮助大家解决问题。
数据库脚本:
create table Dept --部门信息 ( DeptId int primary key identity(1,1), DeptName varchar(50) not null ) create table Employee --员工信息 ( EmpId int primary key identity(1,1), DeptId int not null, EmpName varchar(50) not null, EmpPhone varchar(50) not null, EmpArea varchar(50) not null, EmpSalary decimal(18,2) not null ) insert into Dept(DeptName) values('开发部') insert into Dept(DeptName) values('测试部') insert into Dept(DeptName) values('实施部') insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary) values(1,'刘德华','13887855552','武汉',6500) insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary) values(2,'张学友','13556528634','深圳',6500) insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary) values(3,'刘亦菲','13448494546','广州',6500) insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary) values(1,'周杰伦','13888666855','北京',6500) insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary) values(2,'许巍','13868654219','上海',6500) insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary) values(3,'孙燕姿','13895133572','成都',6500) insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary) values(1,'朴树','13458788896','武汉',6500) insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary) values(2,'周润发','13554588745','南京',6500) insert into Employee(DeptId,EmpName,EmpPhone,EmpArea,EmpSalary) values(3,'李连杰','13998759654','上海',6500) select * from Dept; select * from Employee;
API接口:
[HttpGet] public IHttpActionResult Get() { var data = from emp in db.Employee join dept in db.Dept on emp.DeptId equals dept.DeptId select new { EmpId = emp.EmpId, DeptId = emp.DeptId, EmpName = emp.EmpName, EmpPhone = emp.EmpPhone, EmpArea = emp.EmpArea, EmpSalary = emp.EmpSalary, DeptName = dept.DeptName }; return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "", data = data }); }
接口测试地址:
http://localhost:1894/api/Employee
接受搜索条件的实体:
public class SearchDto { public int DeptId { get; set; } //部门编号 public string EmpName { get; set; } //部门名称 }
API接口:
[HttpGet] [Route("api/Employee/Search")] public IHttpActionResult Get([FromUri] SearchDto searchDto) { var data = from emp in db.Employee join dept in db.Dept on emp.DeptId equals dept.DeptId select new { EmpId = emp.EmpId, DeptId = emp.DeptId, EmpName = emp.EmpName, EmpPhone = emp.EmpPhone, EmpArea = emp.EmpArea, EmpSalary = emp.EmpSalary, DeptName = dept.DeptName }; if (searchDto.DeptId > 0) data = data.Where(p => p.DeptId == searchDto.DeptId); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(searchDto.EmpName)) data = data.Where(p => p.EmpName.Contains(searchDto.EmpName)); return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "", data = data }); }
接口测试:
接受搜索条件的实体:
public class SearchDto { public int DeptId { get; set; } //部门编号 public string EmpName { get; set; } //部门名称 }
API接口:
[HttpGet] [Route("api/Employee/SearchPage")] public IHttpActionResult Get(int page,int pagesize,[FromUri] SearchDto searchDto) { var query = from emp in db.Employee join dept in db.Dept on emp.DeptId equals dept.DeptId select new { EmpId = emp.EmpId, DeptId = emp.DeptId, EmpName = emp.EmpName, EmpPhone = emp.EmpPhone, EmpArea = emp.EmpArea, EmpSalary = emp.EmpSalary, DeptName = dept.DeptName }; if (searchDto.DeptId > 0) query = query.Where(p => p.DeptId == searchDto.DeptId); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(searchDto.EmpName)) query = query.Where(p => p.EmpName.Contains(searchDto.EmpName)); var data = query.OrderByDescending(p => p.EmpId).ToPagedList(page, pagesize); return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "",total=data.TotalItemCount, data = data }); }
接口测试:
API接口方案一:(直接使用EF中实体接受新增的数据)
[HttpPost] //此处为降低前端和EF框架实体的耦合性,也可以重新定义Dto类,然后将Dto数据通过映射,赋值到EF中Employee对象中 public IHttpActionResult Add(Employee emp) { db.Employee.Add(emp); int r = db.SaveChanges(); if (r == 1) return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加成功" }); else return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加失败" }); }
API接口方案二:(使用Dto接受数据,直接通过属性赋值实现Dto对象向EF实体的转换)
public class EmpAddDto { public int EmpId { get; set; } public int DeptId { get; set; } public string EmpName { get; set; } public string EmpPhone { get; set; } public string EmpArea { get; set; } public decimal EmpSalary { get; set; } } [HttpPost] public IHttpActionResult Add(EmpAddDto dto) { //属性依次赋值实现Dto对象向EF实体对象的转换 Employee emp = new Employee(); emp.DeptId = dto.DeptId; emp.EmpName = dto.EmpName; emp.EmpPhone = dto.EmpPhone; emp.EmpArea = dto.EmpArea; emp.EmpSalary = dto.EmpSalary; db.Employee.Add(emp); int r = db.SaveChanges(); if (r == 1) return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加成功" }); else return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加失败" }); }
API接口方案三:(通过AutoMapper组件进行映射)
AutoMapper组件可以在NuGet中进行安装,经过测试在framework4.5中无法使用,在framework4.7.1中可以正常使用。
如果没有安装framework4.7.1,可以在官网下载 .NET Framework 4.7.1 Developer Pack。
如果通过项目的属性面板中修改了目标框架为framework4.7.1,程序可能会编译错误,需要修改配置文件:
compilerOptions="/langversion:6 /nowarn:1659;1699;1701"
修改成:
compilerOptions="/langversion:Default /nowarn:1659;1699;1701"
API接口代码:(两种类型属性名称完全相同的时候)
public class EmpAddDto { public int EmpId { get; set; } public int DeptId { get; set; } public string EmpName { get; set; } public string EmpPhone { get; set; } public string EmpArea { get; set; } public decimal EmpSalary { get; set; } } [HttpPost] public IHttpActionResult Add(EmpAddDto dto) { //两种类型属性名称相同自动映射 var config = new MapperConfiguration(cfg => cfg.CreateMap<EmpAddDto, Employee>()); var mapper = config.CreateMapper(); Employee emp = mapper.Map<Employee>(dto); db.Employee.Add(emp); int r = db.SaveChanges(); if (r == 1) return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加成功" }); else return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加失败" }); }
API接口代码:(两种类型属性名称不一致的时候)
public class EmpAddDto { public int EmpId { get; set; } public int DeptId { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Phone { get; set; } public string EmpArea { get; set; } public decimal EmpSalary { get; set; } } [HttpPost] public IHttpActionResult Add(EmpAddDto dto) { //两种类型名属性相同自动映射 var config = new MapperConfiguration(cfg => { cfg.CreateMap<EmpAddDto, Employee>() .ForMember("EmpName", opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Name)) .ForMember(dest => dest.EmpPhone, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Phone)); //.ForMember(dest => dest.EmpId, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.EmpId)) //.ForMember(dest => dest.DeptId, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.DeptId)) //.ForMember(dest => dest.EmpName, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Name)) //.ForMember(dest => dest.EmpPhone, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Phone)) //.ForMember(dest => dest.EmpArea, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.EmpArea)) //.ForMember(dest => dest.EmpSalary, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.EmpSalary)); }); var mapper = config.CreateMapper(); Employee emp = mapper.Map<Employee>(dto); db.Employee.Add(emp); int r = db.SaveChanges(); if (r == 1) return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加成功" }); else return Json(new { res = 1, msg = "添加失败" }); }
接口测试:(使用EmpAddDto接受数据的时候注意参数名称需要和EmpAddDto的属性名相同)
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