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酒店管理系统是一个常见的业务系统，用于管理酒店的客房、客户信息、预订、入住、退房等操作。本文将介绍如何使用Java代码实现一个简单的酒店管理系统。我们将使用面向对象的设计思想，通过类、对象、继承、接口等概念来实现系统的核心功能。
在开始编写代码之前，我们需要明确系统的需求。一个简单的酒店管理系统通常需要具备以下功能：
根据需求分析，我们可以将系统分为以下几个模块：
我们将使用Java中的类来表示这些模块，并通过类之间的关系来实现系统的功能。
首先，我们定义一个Room类来表示客房。每个客房都有一个唯一的编号、类型（如单人间、双人间）、价格和状态（如空闲、已预订、已入住）。
public class Room {
private int roomNumber;
private String roomType;
private double price;
private String status; // 状态：空闲、已预订、已入住
public Room(int roomNumber, String roomType, double price) {
this.roomNumber = roomNumber;
this.roomType = roomType;
this.price = price;
this.status = "空闲";
}
// Getter和Setter方法
public int getRoomNumber() {
return roomNumber;
}
public String getRoomType() {
return roomType;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public String getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(String status) {
this.status = status;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Room{" +
"roomNumber=" + roomNumber +
", roomType='" + roomType + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", status='" + status + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
接下来，我们定义一个Customer类来表示客户。每个客户有一个唯一的ID、姓名、联系方式和预订的客房。
public class Customer {
private int customerId;
private String name;
private String contactInfo;
private Room bookedRoom;
public Customer(int customerId, String name, String contactInfo) {
this.customerId = customerId;
this.name = name;
this.contactInfo = contactInfo;
}
// Getter和Setter方法
public int getCustomerId() {
return customerId;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public String getContactInfo() {
return contactInfo;
}
public Room getBookedRoom() {
return bookedRoom;
}
public void setBookedRoom(Room bookedRoom) {
this.bookedRoom = bookedRoom;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Customer{" +
"customerId=" + customerId +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", contactInfo='" + contactInfo + '\'' +
", bookedRoom=" + bookedRoom +
'}';
}
}
我们定义一个Reservation类来表示预订信息。每个预订有一个唯一的ID、客户、预订的客房和预订日期。
import java.util.Date;
public class Reservation {
private int reservationId;
private Customer customer;
private Room room;
private Date reservationDate;
public Reservation(int reservationId, Customer customer, Room room, Date reservationDate) {
this.reservationId = reservationId;
this.customer = customer;
this.room = room;
this.reservationDate = reservationDate;
}
// Getter和Setter方法
public int getReservationId() {
return reservationId;
}
public Customer getCustomer() {
return customer;
}
public Room getRoom() {
return room;
}
public Date getReservationDate() {
return reservationDate;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Reservation{" +
"reservationId=" + reservationId +
", customer=" + customer +
", room=" + room +
", reservationDate=" + reservationDate +
'}';
}
}
最后，我们定义一个HotelManagement类来管理所有的客房、客户和预订信息。这个类将提供添加、删除、查询等操作。
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class HotelManagement {
private List<Room> rooms;
private List<Customer> customers;
private List<Reservation> reservations;
public HotelManagement() {
rooms = new ArrayList<>();
customers = new ArrayList<>();
reservations = new ArrayList<>();
}
// 添加客房
public void addRoom(Room room) {
rooms.add(room);
}
// 删除客房
public void removeRoom(int roomNumber) {
rooms.removeIf(room -> room.getRoomNumber() == roomNumber);
}
// 查询客房
public Room findRoom(int roomNumber) {
for (Room room : rooms) {
if (room.getRoomNumber() == roomNumber) {
return room;
}
}
return null;
}
// 添加客户
public void addCustomer(Customer customer) {
customers.add(customer);
}
// 删除客户
public void removeCustomer(int customerId) {
customers.removeIf(customer -> customer.getCustomerId() == customerId);
}
// 查询客户
public Customer findCustomer(int customerId) {
for (Customer customer : customers) {
if (customer.getCustomerId() == customerId) {
return customer;
}
}
return null;
}
// 添加预订
public void addReservation(Reservation reservation) {
reservations.add(reservation);
reservation.getRoom().setStatus("已预订");
}
// 取消预订
public void cancelReservation(int reservationId) {
Reservation reservation = findReservation(reservationId);
if (reservation != null) {
reservation.getRoom().setStatus("空闲");
reservations.remove(reservation);
}
}
// 查询预订
public Reservation findReservation(int reservationId) {
for (Reservation reservation : reservations) {
if (reservation.getReservationId() == reservationId) {
return reservation;
}
}
return null;
}
// 办理入住
public void checkIn(int reservationId) {
Reservation reservation = findReservation(reservationId);
if (reservation != null) {
reservation.getRoom().setStatus("已入住");
}
}
// 办理退房
public void checkOut(int reservationId) {
Reservation reservation = findReservation(reservationId);
if (reservation != null) {
reservation.getRoom().setStatus("空闲");
reservations.remove(reservation);
}
}
}
最后，我们编写一个简单的测试代码来验证系统的功能。
import java.util.Date;
public class HotelManagementTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HotelManagement hotel = new HotelManagement();
// 添加客房
Room room1 = new Room(101, "单人间", 100.0);
Room room2 = new Room(102, "双人间", 150.0);
hotel.addRoom(room1);
hotel.addRoom(room2);
// 添加客户
Customer customer1 = new Customer(1, "张三", "123456789");
Customer customer2 = new Customer(2, "李四", "987654321");
hotel.addCustomer(customer1);
hotel.addCustomer(customer2);
// 预订客房
Reservation reservation1 = new Reservation(1, customer1, room1, new Date());
hotel.addReservation(reservation1);
// 办理入住
hotel.checkIn(1);
// 办理退房
hotel.checkOut(1);
// 查询客房状态
System.out.println(room1);
}
}
通过以上代码，我们实现了一个简单的酒店管理系统。这个系统可以管理客房、客户、预订、入住和退房等操作。虽然这个系统还比较简单，但它展示了如何使用Java的面向对象编程思想来实现一个实际的业务系统。在实际开发中，我们还可以进一步扩展系统的功能，例如添加账单管理、权限管理、日志记录等。
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