您好,登录后才能下订单哦!
本文小编为大家详细介绍“Spring处理@Async导致的循环依赖失败问题怎么解决”,内容详细,步骤清晰,细节处理妥当,希望这篇“Spring处理@Async导致的循环依赖失败问题怎么解决”文章能帮助大家解决疑惑,下面跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来学习新知识吧。
说明
本文介绍SpringBoot中的@Async导致循环依赖失败的原因及其解决方案。
概述
我们知道,Spring解决了循环依赖问题,但Spring的异步(@Async)会使得循环依赖失败。本文将用实例来介绍其原因和解决方案。
启动类
启动类添加@EnableAsync以启用异步功能。
package com.knife; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync; @EnableAsync @SpringBootApplication public class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); } }
Service
A
package com.knife.service; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class A { @Autowired private B b; @Async public void print() { System.out.println("Hello World"); } }
B
package com.knife.service; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class B { @Autowired private A a; }
Controller
package com.knife.controller; import com.knife.service.A; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class HelloController { @Autowired private A a; @GetMapping("/test") public String test() { a.print(); return "test success"; } }
启动:(报错)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'a': Bean with name 'a' has been injected into other beans [b] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using 'getBeanNamesForType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:624) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:226) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:276) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1306) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1226) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:640) ~[spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar:5.2.6.RELEASE]
... 20 common frames omitted
@EnableAsync开启时向容器内注入AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor,它是一个BeanPostProcessor,实现了postProcessAfterInitialization方法。创建代理的动作在抽象父类AbstractAdvisingBeanPostProcessor上:
// 这个方法主要是为有@Async 注解的 bean 生成代理对象 @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) { if (this.advisor == null || bean instanceof AopInfrastructureBean) { // Ignore AOP infrastructure such as scoped proxies. return bean; } // 如果此Bean已经被代理了(比如已经被事务那边给代理了~~) if (bean instanceof Advised) { Advised advised = (Advised) bean; if (!advised.isFrozen() && isEligible(AopUtils.getTargetClass(bean))) { // Add our local Advisor to the existing proxy's Advisor chain... // beforeExistingAdvisors决定这该advisor最先执行还是最后执行 // 此处的advisor为:AsyncAnnotationAdvisor 它切入Class和Method标注有@Aysnc注解的地方~~~ if (this.beforeExistingAdvisors) { advised.addAdvisor(0, this.advisor); } else { advised.addAdvisor(this.advisor); } return bean; } } // 若不是代理对象,则进行处理 if (isEligible(bean, beanName)) { //copy属性 proxyFactory.copyFrom(this); 工厂模式生成一个新的 ProxyFactory ProxyFactory proxyFactory = prepareProxyFactory(bean, beanName); // 如果没有采用CGLIB,就去探测它的接口 if (!proxyFactory.isProxyTargetClass()) { evaluateProxyInterfaces(bean.getClass(), proxyFactory); } // 切入切面并创建一个getProxy 代理对象 proxyFactory.addAdvisor(this.advisor); customizeProxyFactory(proxyFactory); return proxyFactory.getProxy(getProxyClassLoader()); } // No proxy needed. return bean; } protected boolean isEligible(Object bean, String beanName) { return isEligible(bean.getClass()); } protected boolean isEligible(Class<?> targetClass) { //首次从 eligibleBeans 这个 map 中获取值肯定为 null Boolean eligible = this.eligibleBeans.get(targetClass); if (eligible != null) { return eligible; } //如果没有配置 advisor(即:切面),返回 false if (this.advisor == null) { return false; } // 若类或方法有 @Aysnc 注解,AopUtils.canApply 会判断为 true eligible = AopUtils.canApply(this.advisor, targetClass); this.eligibleBeans.put(targetClass, eligible); return eligible; }
创建A,A实例化完成后将自己放入第三级缓存,然后给A的依赖属性b赋值
创建B,B实例化后给B的依赖属性a赋值
从第三级缓存中获得A(执行A的getEarlyBeanReference方法)。执行getEarlyBeanReference()时@Async根本还被扫描,所以返回的是原始类型地址(没被代理的对象地址)。
B完成初始化、属性的赋值,此时持有A原始类型引用(没被代理)
完成A的属性的赋值(此时持有B的引用),继续执行初始化方法initializeBean(...),解析@Aysnc注解,生成一个代理对象,exposedObject是一个代理对象(而非原始对象),加入到容器里。
问题出现了:B的属性A是个原始对象,而此处的实例A却是个代理对象。(即:B里的A不是最终对象(不是最终放进容器的对象))
执行自检程序:由于allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping默认值是false,表示不允许上面不一致的情况发生,就报错了
有三种方案:
懒加载:使用@Lazy或者@ComponentScan(lazyInit = true)
不要让@Async的Bean参与循环依赖
将allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping设置为true
说明
建议使用@Lazy。
不建议使用@ComponentScan(lazyInit = true),因为它是全局的,容易产生误伤。
实例
这两个方法都是可以的:
法1. 将@Lazy放到A类的b成员上边
法2: 将@Lazy放到B类的a成员上边
法1:将@Lazy放到A类的b成员上边
package com.knife.service; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class A { @Lazy @Autowired private B b; @Async public void print() { System.out.println("Hello World"); } }
法2:将@Lazy放到B类的a成员上边
package com.knife.service; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class B { @Lazy @Autowired private A a; }
这样启动就能成功。
原理分析
以这种写法为例进行分析:@Lazy放到A类的b成员上边。
即:
package com.knife.service; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class A { @Lazy @Autowired private B b; @Async public void print() { System.out.println("Hello World"); } }
假设 A 先加载,在创建 A 的实例时,会触发依赖属性 B 的加载,在加载 B 时发现它是一个被 @Lazy 标记过的属性。那么就不会去直接加载 B,而是产生一个代理对象注入到了 A 中,这样 A 就能正常的初始化完成放入一级缓存了。
B 加载时,将前边生成的B代理对象取出,再注入 A 就能直接从一级缓存中获取到 A,这样 B 也能正常初始化完成了。所以,循环依赖的问题就解决了。
略。
说明
本方法不建议使用。
这样配置后,容器启动不报错了。但是:Bean A的@Aysnc方法不起作用了。因为Bean B里面依赖的a是个原始对象,所以它不能执行异步操作(即使容器内的a是个代理对象)。
方法
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor { @Override public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException { ((AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory) beanFactory).setAllowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping(true); } }
概述
同为创建动态代理对象,同为一个注解标注在类/方法上,为何@Transactional就不会出现这种启动报错呢?
原因是,它们代理的创建的方式不同:
@Transactional创建代理的方式:使用自动代理创建器InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator(AbstractAutoProxyCreator的子类),它实现了getEarlyBeanReference()方法从而很好的对循环依赖提供了支持
@Async创建代理的方式:使用AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor单独的后置处理器。它只在一处postProcessAfterInitialization()实现了对代理对象的创建,因此若它被循环依赖了,就会报错
详解
处理@Transactional注解的是InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator,它是SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor的子类。AbstractAutoProxyCreator对SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor的getEarlyBeanReference方法进行了覆写:
AbstractAutoProxyCreator# getEarlyBeanReference
public abstract class AbstractAutoProxyCreator extends ProxyProcessorSupport implements SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor, BeanFactoryAware { // 其他代码 @Override public Object getEarlyBeanReference(Object bean, String beanName) { Object cacheKey = getCacheKey(bean.getClass(), beanName); this.earlyProxyReferences.put(cacheKey, bean); return wrapIfNecessary(bean, beanName, cacheKey); } }
AbstractAutoProxyCreator#postProcessAfterInitialization方法中,判断是否代理过,是的话,直接返回:
public abstract class AbstractAutoProxyCreator extends ProxyProcessorSupport implements SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor, BeanFactoryAware { // 其他代码 @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(@Nullable Object bean, String beanName) { if (bean != null) { Object cacheKey = getCacheKey(bean.getClass(), beanName); if (this.earlyProxyReferences.remove(cacheKey) != bean) { return wrapIfNecessary(bean, beanName, cacheKey); } } return bean; } }
读到这里,这篇“Spring处理@Async导致的循环依赖失败问题怎么解决”文章已经介绍完毕,想要掌握这篇文章的知识点还需要大家自己动手实践使用过才能领会,如果想了解更多相关内容的文章,欢迎关注亿速云行业资讯频道。
免责声明:本站发布的内容(图片、视频和文字)以原创、转载和分享为主,文章观点不代表本网站立场,如果涉及侵权请联系站长邮箱:is@yisu.com进行举报,并提供相关证据,一经查实,将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。