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本篇内容介绍了“Docker Compose容器集群怎么快速编排”的有关知识,在实际案例的操作过程中,不少人都会遇到这样的困境,接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧!希望大家仔细阅读,能够学有所成!
Docker-Compose项目是Docker官方的开源项目,负责实现对Docker容器集群的快速编排。
Docker-Compose将所管理的容器分为三层,分别是 工程(project),服务(service)以及容器(container)。Docker-Compose运行目录下的所有文件(docker-compose.yml,extends文件或环境变量文件等)组成一个工程,若无特殊指定工程名即为当前目录名。一个工程当中可包含多个服务,每个服务中定义了容器运行的镜像、参数、依赖。一个服务当中可包括多个容器实例,Docker-Compose并没有解决负载均衡的问题,因此需要借助其它工具实现服务发现及负载均衡,比如 Consul。
Docker-Compose的工程配置文件默认为docker-compose.yml,可通过环境变量COMPOSE_FILE或-f参数自定义配置文件,其定义了多个有依赖关系的服务及每个服务运行的容器。
使用一个Dockerfile模板文件,可以让用户很方便的定义一个单独的应用容器。在工作中,经常会碰到需要多个容器相互配合来完成某项任务的情况。例如要实现一个Web项目,除了Web服务容器本身,往往还需要再加上后端的数据库服务容器,甚至还包括负载均衡容器等。
Compose允许用户通过一个单独的docker-compose.yml模板文件(YAML 格式)来定义一组相关联的应用容器为一个项目(project)。
Docker-Compose项目由Python编写,调用Docker服务提供的API来对容器进行管理。因此,只要所操作的平台支持Docker API, 就可以在其上利用Compose来进行编排管理。
Docker Compose 是 Docker 的独立产品,因此需要安装 Docker 之后在单独安装 Docker Compose
#下载 curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.21.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose #或者已下载过直接从宿主机传入到/opt目录下 mv docker-compose /usr/local/bin/ #安装 chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose #查看版本 docker-compose --version
YAML 是一种标记语言,它可以很直观的展示数据序列化格式,可读性高。类似于 XML数据描述语言,语法比 XML 简单的很多。YAML 数据结构通过缩进来表示,连续的项目通过减号来表示,键值对用冒号分隔,数组用中括号 [ ] 括起来, hash 用花括号 { } 括起来。
YAML 文件格式及编写注意事项
大小与敏感
通过缩进表示层级关系
不支持制表符tab键缩进,只能使用空格缩进
缩进的空格数目不重要,只要相同层级左对齐,通常开头缩进2个空格
用#号注释
符号字符后缩进1个空格,如冒号:、逗号,、横杠-
Docker Compose配置常用字段
字段 | 描述 |
---|---|
build | 指定Dockerfile文件名(要指定的Dockerfile文件需要在build标签的子级标签中用dockerfile标签指定) |
dockerfile | 构建镜像上下文路径 |
context | 可以是dockerfile路径,或者是执行git 仓库的url地址 |
image | 指定镜像(已存在) |
command | 执行命令,会覆盖容器启动后默认执行的命令(会覆盖Dockerfile的CMD指令) |
container_name | 指定容器名称,由于容器名称是唯一的,如果指定自定义名称,则无法scale |
deploy | 指定部署和运行服务相关配置,只能在Swarm模式使用 |
enviroment | 添加环境变量 |
networks | 加入网络,引用顶级networks下条目 |
networks-mode | 设置容器的网络模式,host、bridge..... |
ports | 暴露容器端口,与-p 相同,但是端口不能低于60 |
volumes | 挂载一个宿主机目录或命令卷到容器,命名卷要在顶级volumes 定义卷名称 |
volumes_from | 从另一个服务或容器挂载卷,可选参数 :ro 和 :rw,仅版本'2'支持 |
hostname | 容器主机名 |
sysctls | 在容器内设置内核参数 |
links | 连接到另一个容器,- 服务名称[ :服务别名 ] |
privilcgcd | 用来给容器root权限,注意是不安全的,truc|false(开启|关闭) |
restart | 重启策略,定义是否重启容器; no(默认,不重启), always(总是重启), on-failure,(退出状态非0时重启), on-failure:3 ,在容器非正常退出时重启容器,最多重启3次, unless-stoped 在容器退出时总是重启容器,但是不考虑在Docker 守护进程启动时就已经停止了的容器 |
depends_on | 此标签用于解决容器的依赖,启动先后问题。如启动应用容器,需要先启动数据库容器php: depends_on: - apache - mysql |
字段 | 描述 |
---|---|
build | 重新构建服务 |
ps | 列出容器 |
up | 创建和启动容器 |
exec | 在容器里面执行命令 |
scale | 指定一个服务容器启动数量 |
top | 显示正在运行的容器进程 |
logs | 查看服务容器的输出 |
down | 删除容器、网络、数据卷和镜像 |
stop/start/restart | 停止/启动/重启服务 |
vim /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 #末行添加 sysctl -p #刷新配置 systemctl restart docker #重启docker服务
FROM centos:7 MAINTAINER this is nginx images<gb> RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx ADD nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /opt/ WORKDIR /opt/nginx-1.12.0/ RUN ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_stub_status_module && make -j4 && make install ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin ADD nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/ RUN chmod 777 -R /usr/local/nginx/html/ EXPOSE 80 EXPOSE 443 CMD ["/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
准备配置好nginx配置文件(添加支持php解析配置)
#user nobody; worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; charset utf-8; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root html; index index.html index.php; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # location ~ \.php$ { root html; fastcgi_pass 172.18.0.30:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} } 折叠
vim my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] user = mysql basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data port = 3306 character-set-server=utf8 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock bind-address = 0.0.0.0 skip-name-resolve max_connections=2048 default-storage-engine=INNODB max_allowed_packet=16M server-id = 1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
FROM centos:7 MAINTAINER this is mysql image <lnmp> RUN yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src/ WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/ RUN cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ -DWITH_BOOST=boost \ -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1;make -j 4;make install ADD my.cnf /etc/my.cnf EXPOSE 3306 RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/;chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/bin/ RUN ./mysqld \ --initialize-insecure \ --user=mysql \ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data;cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/;systemctl enable mysqld ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH VOLUME [ "/usr/local/mysql" ] CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]
编写Dockerfile文件
FROM centos:7 MAINTAINER this is php image <lnmp> RUN yum install -y gd \ libjpeg libjpeg-devel \ libpng libpng-devel \ freetype freetype-devel \ libxml2 libxml2-devel \ zlib zlib-devel \ curl curl-devel \ openssl openssl-devel \ gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx ADD php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 /usr/local/src/ WORKDIR /usr/local/src/php-7.1.10 RUN ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/php \ --with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ --with-mysqli \ --with-zlib \ --with-curl \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-openssl \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-xml \ --enable-session \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-pdo \ --enable-tokenizer \ --enable-zip ; make -j 4 ; make install ENV PATH /usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/php/sbin:$PATH ADD php.ini /usr/local/php/lib/ ADD php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/ RUN rm -rf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default ADD www.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/ EXPOSE 9000 CMD /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -F
将所需的三个配置文件修改后写入
vim php-fpm.conf [global] pid = run/php-fpm.pid include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf vim php.ini [PHP] engine = On short_open_tag = Off precision = 14 output_buffering = 4096 zlib.output_compression = Off implicit_flush = Off unserialize_callback_func = serialize_precision = -1 disable_functions = disable_classes = zend.enable_gc = On expose_php = On max_execution_time = 30 max_input_time = 60 memory_limit = 128M error_reporting = E_ALL display_errors = On display_startup_errors = On log_errors = On log_errors_max_len = 1024 ignore_repeated_errors = Off ignore_repeated_source = Off report_memleaks = On track_errors = On html_errors = On variables_order = "GPCS" request_order = "GP" register_argc_argv = Off auto_globals_jit = On post_max_size = 8M auto_prepend_file = auto_append_file = default_mimetype = "text/html" default_charset = "UTF-8" doc_root = user_dir = enable_dl = Off file_uploads = On upload_max_filesize = 2M max_file_uploads = 20 allow_url_fopen = On allow_url_include = Off default_socket_timeout = 60 [CLI Server] cli_server.color = On [Date] date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai [filter] [iconv] [intl] [sqlite3] [Pcre] [Pdo] [Pdo_mysql] pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000 pdo_mysql.default_socket= [Phar] [mail function] SMTP = localhost smtp_port = 25 mail.add_x_header = On [SQL] sql.safe_mode = Off [ODBC] odbc.allow_persistent = On odbc.check_persistent = On odbc.max_persistent = -1 odbc.max_links = -1 odbc.defaultlrl = 4096 odbc.defaultbinmode = 1 [Interbase] ibase.allow_persistent = 1 ibase.max_persistent = -1 ibase.max_links = -1 ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d" ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S" [MySQLi] mysqli.max_persistent = -1 mysqli.allow_persistent = On mysqli.max_links = -1 mysqli.cache_size = 2000 mysqli.default_port = 3306 mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock mysqli.default_host = mysqli.default_user = mysqli.default_pw = mysqli.reconnect = Off [mysqlnd] mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = On [OCI8] [PostgreSQL] pgsql.allow_persistent = On pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off pgsql.max_persistent = -1 pgsql.max_links = -1 pgsql.ignore_notice = 0 pgsql.log_notice = 0 [bcmath] bcmath.scale = 0 [browscap] [Session] session.save_handler = files session.use_strict_mode = 0 session.use_cookies = 1 session.use_only_cookies = 1 session.name = PHPSESSID session.auto_start = 0 session.cookie_lifetime = 0 session.cookie_path = / session.cookie_domain = session.cookie_httponly = session.serialize_handler = php session.gc_probability = 1 session.gc_divisor = 1000 session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440 session.referer_check = session.cache_limiter = nocache session.cache_expire = 180 session.use_trans_sid = 0 session.sid_length = 26 session.trans_sid_tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=" session.sid_bits_per_character = 5 [Assertion] zend.assertions = 1 [COM] [mbstring] [gd] [exif] [Tidy] tidy.clean_output = Off [soap] soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1 soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp" soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400 soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5 [sysvshm] [ldap] ldap.max_links = -1 [mcrypt] [dba] [opcache] [curl] [openssl] vim php-fpm.conf [global] pid = run/php-fpm.pid include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf 折叠 vim www.conf [www] user = nginx group = nginx listen = 172.18.0.30:9000 pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 5 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 1 pm.max_spare_servers = 3
编写docker-compose.yml文件
version: '2' services: nginx: container_name: nginx build: context: ./nginx dockerfile: Dockerfile ports: - 80:80 networks: lnmp: ipv4_address: 172.18.0.10 mysql: container_name: mysql privileged: true build: context: ./mysql dockerfile: Dockerfile ports: - 3306:3306 networks: lnmp: ipv4_address: 172.18.0.20 php: depends_on: - nginx - mysql build: context: ./php dockerfile: Dockerfile container_name: php ports: - 9000:9000 networks: lnmp: ipv4_address: 172.18.0.30 volumes_from: - nginx - mysql networks: lnmp: driver: bridge ipam: config: - subnet: 172.18.0.0/16 折叠 #启动容器 docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d docker ps -a
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