Java如何实现合并word文档

发布时间：2022-08-10 16:33:56 作者：iii
来源：亿速云阅读：882

Java如何实现合并Word文档

在日常工作中，我们经常需要将多个Word文档合并成一个文档。手动操作不仅费时费力，还容易出错。通过Java编程，我们可以自动化这一过程，提高工作效率。本文将详细介绍如何使用Java实现合并Word文档的功能。

1. 准备工作

在开始之前，我们需要准备以下工具和库：

Java开发环境：确保你已经安装了JDK，并配置好了环境变量。
Apache POI库：Apache POI是一个用于操作Microsoft Office文档的Java库。我们将使用它来读取和写入Word文档。
Maven或Gradle：用于管理项目依赖。

1.1 添加Apache POI依赖

如果你使用的是Maven，可以在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
        <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
        <artifactId>poi-ooxml-schemas</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.xmlbeans</groupId>
        <artifactId>xmlbeans</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.1</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

如果你使用的是Gradle，可以在build.gradle文件中添加以下依赖：

dependencies {
    implementation 'org.apache.poi:poi-ooxml:5.2.3'
    implementation 'org.apache.poi:poi-ooxml-schemas:4.1.2'
    implementation 'org.apache.xmlbeans:xmlbeans:5.1.1'
}

2. 读取Word文档

在合并Word文档之前，我们需要先读取每个文档的内容。Apache POI提供了XWPFDocument类来处理.docx格式的Word文档。

2.1 读取单个Word文档

以下代码展示了如何读取一个Word文档的内容：

import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFParagraph;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

public class WordReader {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String filePath = "example.docx";
        try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath)) {
            XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(fis);
            List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphs = document.getParagraphs();
            for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : paragraphs) {
                System.out.println(paragraph.getText());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2.2 读取多个Word文档

我们可以将上述代码封装成一个方法，以便读取多个文档：

import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFParagraph;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class WordReader {
    public static List<XWPFParagraph> readDocument(String filePath) {
        List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphs = new ArrayList<>();
        try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath)) {
            XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(fis);
            paragraphs = document.getParagraphs();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return paragraphs;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] filePaths = {"example1.docx", "example2.docx"};
        for (String filePath : filePaths) {
            List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphs = readDocument(filePath);
            for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : paragraphs) {
                System.out.println(paragraph.getText());
            }
        }
    }
}

3. 合并Word文档

在读取了多个Word文档的内容后，我们需要将这些内容合并到一个新的文档中。Apache POI提供了XWPFDocument类来创建和写入新的Word文档。

3.1 创建新的Word文档

以下代码展示了如何创建一个新的Word文档：

import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFParagraph;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class WordWriter {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
        XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();
        paragraph.createRun().setText("Hello, World!");

        try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("output.docx")) {
            document.write(fos);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3.2 合并多个Word文档

我们可以将读取和写入的代码结合起来，实现多个Word文档的合并：

import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFParagraph;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

public class WordMerger {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] filePaths = {"example1.docx", "example2.docx"};
        XWPFDocument mergedDocument = new XWPFDocument();

        for (String filePath : filePaths) {
            try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath)) {
                XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(fis);
                for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : document.getParagraphs()) {
                    XWPFParagraph newParagraph = mergedDocument.createParagraph();
                    newParagraph.createRun().setText(paragraph.getText());
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("merged.docx")) {
            mergedDocument.write(fos);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3.3 处理样式和格式

在实际应用中，我们可能还需要保留原文档的样式和格式。Apache POI提供了丰富的API来处理样式和格式。以下代码展示了如何复制段落的样式：

import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.*;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class WordMerger {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] filePaths = {"example1.docx", "example2.docx"};
        XWPFDocument mergedDocument = new XWPFDocument();

        for (String filePath : filePaths) {
            try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath)) {
                XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(fis);
                for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : document.getParagraphs()) {
                    XWPFParagraph newParagraph = mergedDocument.createParagraph();
                    copyParagraphStyle(paragraph, newParagraph);
                    for (XWPFRun run : paragraph.getRuns()) {
                        XWPFRun newRun = newParagraph.createRun();
                        copyRunStyle(run, newRun);
                        newRun.setText(run.getText(0));
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("merged.docx")) {
            mergedDocument.write(fos);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void copyParagraphStyle(XWPFParagraph source, XWPFParagraph target) {
        target.setAlignment(source.getAlignment());
        target.setBorderBetween(source.getBorderBetween());
        target.setBorderBottom(source.getBorderBottom());
        target.setBorderLeft(source.getBorderLeft());
        target.setBorderRight(source.getBorderRight());
        target.setBorderTop(source.getBorderTop());
        target.setFirstLineIndent(source.getFirstLineIndent());
        target.setIndentationLeft(source.getIndentationLeft());
        target.setIndentationRight(source.getIndentationRight());
        target.setIndentationHanging(source.getIndentationHanging());
        target.setPageBreak(source.isPageBreak());
        target.setSpacingAfter(source.getSpacingAfter());
        target.setSpacingBefore(source.getSpacingBefore());
        target.setSpacingBetween(source.getSpacingBetween());
        target.setStyle(source.getStyle());
        target.setVerticalAlignment(source.getVerticalAlignment());
    }

    private static void copyRunStyle(XWPFRun source, XWPFRun target) {
        target.setBold(source.isBold());
        target.setCapitalized(source.isCapitalized());
        target.setCharacterSpacing(source.getCharacterSpacing());
        target.setColor(source.getColor());
        target.setDoubleStrikethrough(source.isDoubleStrikethrough());
        target.setEmbossed(source.isEmbossed());
        target.setFontFamily(source.getFontFamily());
        target.setFontSize(source.getFontSize());
        target.setImprinted(source.isImprinted());
        target.setItalic(source.isItalic());
        target.setKerning(source.getKerning());
        target.setShadow(source.isShadow());
        target.setSmallCaps(source.isSmallCaps());
        target.setStrikeThrough(source.isStrikeThrough());
        target.setSubscript(source.getSubscript());
        target.setUnderline(source.getUnderline());
    }
}

4. 处理图片和表格

在实际应用中，Word文档可能包含图片和表格。Apache POI也提供了相应的API来处理这些元素。

4.1 处理图片

以下代码展示了如何复制图片：

import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.*;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class WordMerger {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] filePaths = {"example1.docx", "example2.docx"};
        XWPFDocument mergedDocument = new XWPFDocument();

        for (String filePath : filePaths) {
            try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath)) {
                XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(fis);
                for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : document.getParagraphs()) {
                    XWPFParagraph newParagraph = mergedDocument.createParagraph();
                    copyParagraphStyle(paragraph, newParagraph);
                    for (XWPFRun run : paragraph.getRuns()) {
                        XWPFRun newRun = newParagraph.createRun();
                        copyRunStyle(run, newRun);
                        newRun.setText(run.getText(0));
                        for (XWPFPicture picture : run.getEmbeddedPictures()) {
                            newRun.addPicture(picture.getPictureData());
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("merged.docx")) {
            mergedDocument.write(fos);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void copyParagraphStyle(XWPFParagraph source, XWPFParagraph target) {
        // 同上
    }

    private static void copyRunStyle(XWPFRun source, XWPFRun target) {
        // 同上
    }
}

4.2 处理表格

以下代码展示了如何复制表格：

import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.*;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class WordMerger {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] filePaths = {"example1.docx", "example2.docx"};
        XWPFDocument mergedDocument = new XWPFDocument();

        for (String filePath : filePaths) {
            try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath)) {
                XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(fis);
                for (XWPFTable table : document.getTables()) {
                    XWPFTable newTable = mergedDocument.createTable();
                    copyTable(table, newTable);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("merged.docx")) {
            mergedDocument.write(fos);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void copyTable(XWPFTable source, XWPFTable target) {
        for (XWPFTableRow row : source.getRows()) {
            XWPFTableRow newRow = target.createRow();
            for (XWPFTableCell cell : row.getTableCells()) {
                XWPFTableCell newCell = newRow.createCell();
                copyCell(cell, newCell);
            }
        }
    }

    private static void copyCell(XWPFTableCell source, XWPFTableCell target) {
        for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : source.getParagraphs()) {
            XWPFParagraph newParagraph = target.addParagraph();
            copyParagraphStyle(paragraph, newParagraph);
            for (XWPFRun run : paragraph.getRuns()) {
                XWPFRun newRun = newParagraph.createRun();
                copyRunStyle(run, newRun);
                newRun.setText(run.getText(0));
            }
        }
    }

    private static void copyParagraphStyle(XWPFParagraph source, XWPFParagraph target) {
        // 同上
    }

    private static void copyRunStyle(XWPFRun source, XWPFRun target) {
        // 同上
    }
}

5. 总结

通过使用Apache POI库，我们可以轻松地实现Java合并Word文档的功能。本文详细介绍了如何读取、合并以及处理Word文档中的文本、图片和表格。希望本文能帮助你更好地理解和应用Java处理Word文档的技术。