MonkenRunner通过HierarchyViewer定位控件的方法和建议(Appium/UIAutomator/Robotium姊妹篇)

发布时间:2020-07-30 00:19:14 作者:zhukev
来源:网络 阅读:284

1. 背景

在使用MonkeyRunner的时候我们经常会用到Chimchat下面的HierarchyViewer模块来获取目标控件的一些信息来辅助我们测试,但在MonkeyRunner的官网上是没有看到相应的API的描述的,上面只有以下三个类的API引用信息(http://developer.android.com/tools/help/MonkeyDevice.html)

所以在这里尝试整理下HierarchyViewer提供的API的用法并根据实践作出相应的建议,首先请看该类提供的所有可用的公共方法,内容并不多:
MonkenRunner通过HierarchyViewer定位控件的方法和建议(Appium/UIAutomator/Robotium姊妹篇)

从图中可以看出HierarchyViewer类中提供的方法主要是用来定位控件相关的,包括根据ID取得控件,根据控件取得控件在屏幕的位置等。但还有一些其他方法,我们会顺带一并描述,毕竟内容并不多。
本文我们依然跟上几篇文章一样以SDK自带的NotePad为实验目标,看怎么定位到NotesList下面的Menu Options中的Add note这个Menu Entry。
以下是通过HierarchyViewer这个工具获得的目标设备界面的截图:MonkenRunner通过HierarchyViewer定位控件的方法和建议(Appium/UIAutomator/Robotium姊妹篇)

2.findViewById(String id)

2.1 示例

targetDevice = MonkeyRunner.waitForConnection() '''      public ViewNode findViewById(String id)       * @param id id for the view.      * @return view with the specified ID, or {@code null} if no view found. ''' viewer = targetDevice.getHierarchyViewer() button = viewer.findViewById('id/title') text = viewer.getText(button) print text.encode('utf-8')
  

2.2 分析和建议

此API的目的就是通过控件的ID来获得代表用户控件的一个ViewNode对象。因为这个是第一个示例,所以这里有几点需要说明

3. findViewById(String id, ViewNode rootNode)

3.1示例

'''      public ViewNode findViewById(String id, ViewNode rootNode)       * Find a view by ID, starting from the given root node      * @param id ID of the view you're looking for      * @param rootNode the ViewNode at which to begin the traversal      * @return view with the specified ID, or {@code null} if no view found.       ''' iconMenuView = viewer.findViewById('id/icon_menu') button = viewer.findViewById('id/title',iconMenuView) print "Button Text:",text.encode('utf-8')

3.2分析

这个方法是上面方法的一个重载,除了需要指定ID之外,还需要指定一个rootNode,该rootNode指的就是已知控件的父控件,父到什么层级就没有限制了。为什么需要这个方法了,我们可以想象下这种情况:同一界面上存在两个控件拥有相同的ID,但是他们某一个层级父控件开始发生分叉。那么我们就可以把rootNode指定为该父控件(不包括)到目标控件(不包含)路径中的其中一个父控件来精确定位我们需要的目标控件了。
如我们的示例就是明确指出我们需要的是在父控件“id/icon_menu"(请看背景的hierarchyviewer截图)下面的那个”id/title"控件。

4 getAbsolutePositionOfView(ViewNode node)

4.1示例

'''     public static Point getAbsoluteCenterOfView(ViewNode node)      * Gets the absolute x/y center of the specified view node.      *      * @param node view node to find position of.      * @return absolute x/y center of the specified view node.      */ ''' point = viewer.getAbsoluteCenterOfView(button) print "Button Absolute Center Position:",point

4.2 分析和建议

这个API的目的是想定位一个已知ViewNode控件的左上角在屏幕上的绝对坐标。对于我们正常的APP里面的控件,本人实践过是没有问题的。但是有一种情况要特别注意:这个对Menu Options下面的控件是无效的!
以上示例最后一段代码的输出是(3,18),其实这里不用想都知道这个不可能是相对屏幕左上角坐标(0,0)的绝对坐标值了,就偏移这一点点像素,你真的当我的实验机器HTC Incredible S是可以植入脑袋的神器啊。
MonkenRunner通过HierarchyViewer定位控件的方法和建议(Appium/UIAutomator/Robotium姊妹篇)
那么这个数据是如何获得的呢?其实按照我的理解(真的只是我自己的理解,不对的话就指正吧,但请描述详细点以供我参考),这个函数的定义应该是“获得从最上层的DecorView(具体DectorView的描述请查看我以前转载的一篇文章《Android DecorView浅析》)左上角坐标到目标控件的的偏移坐标”,只是这个最上层的DecorView的坐标一般都是从(0,0)开始而已。如下图我认为最上面的那个FrameLayout就代表了DecorView,或者说整个窗体
MonkenRunner通过HierarchyViewer定位控件的方法和建议(Appium/UIAutomator/Robotium姊妹篇)
那么在假设我的观点是对的情况下,这个就很好解析了,请看Menu Option的最上层FrameLayout的绝对坐标是(0,683)
MonkenRunner通过HierarchyViewer定位控件的方法和建议(Appium/UIAutomator/Robotium姊妹篇)
而Add note的绝对坐标是(3,701)
MonkenRunner通过HierarchyViewer定位控件的方法和建议(Appium/UIAutomator/Robotium姊妹篇)

两者一相减就是和我们的输出结果绝对吻合的(3,18)了。

5. getAbsoluteCenterOfView(ViewNode node)

5.1 示例

'''     public static Point getAbsoluteCenterOfView(ViewNode node)      * Gets the absolute x/y center of the specified view node.      *      * @param node view node to find position of.      * @return absolute x/y center of the specified view node.      */ ''' point = viewer.getAbsoluteCenterOfView(button) print "Button Absolute Center Position:",point 

5.2 分析和建议

这个方法的目的是获得目标ViewNode控件的中间点的绝对坐标值,但是对Menu Options下面的控件同样不适用,具体请查看第3章节

以下两个方法都不是用来定位控件的,一并记录下来以供参考。

6. getFocusedWindowName()

6.1 示例

'''     public String getFocusedWindowName()      * Gets the window that currently receives the focus.      *      * @return name of the window that currently receives the focus. ''' window = viewer.getFocusedWindowName() print "Window Name:",window.encode('utf-8')

6.2 解析

其实就是获得当前打开的窗口的packageName/activityName,输出与HierarchyViewer工具检测到的信息一致,所以猜想其用到同样的方法。

输出:

MonkenRunner通过HierarchyViewer定位控件的方法和建议(Appium/UIAutomator/Robotium姊妹篇)

HierarchyViewer监控信息:
MonkenRunner通过HierarchyViewer定位控件的方法和建议(Appium/UIAutomator/Robotium姊妹篇)

7. visible(ViewNode node)

7.1 示例

'''     public boolean visible(ViewNode node)       * Gets the visibility of a given element.      * @param selector selector for the view.      * @return True if the element is visible. ''' isVisible = viewer.visible(button) print "is visible:",isVisible
就是查看下控件是否可见,没什么好解析的了。

8. 测试代码

from com.android.monkeyrunner import MonkeyRunner,MonkeyDevice from com.android.monkeyrunner.easy import EasyMonkeyDevice,By from com.android.chimpchat.hierarchyviewer import HierarchyViewer from com.android.hierarchyviewerlib.models import ViewNode, Window from java.awt import Point  #from com.android.hierarchyviewerlib.device import   #Connect to the target targetDevice targetDevice = MonkeyRunner.waitForConnection()  easy_device = EasyMonkeyDevice(targetDevice)  #touch a button by id would need this targetDevice.startActivity(component="com.example.android.notepad/com.example.android.notepad.NotesList")  #time.sleep(2000) #invoke the menu options MonkeyRunner.sleep(6) targetDevice.press('KEYCODE_MENU', MonkeyDevice.DOWN_AND_UP);  '''      public ViewNode findViewById(String id)       * @param id id for the view.      * @return view with the specified ID, or {@code null} if no view found. ''' viewer = targetDevice.getHierarchyViewer() button = viewer.findViewById('id/title') text = viewer.getText(button) print text.encode('utf-8')   '''      public ViewNode findViewById(String id, ViewNode rootNode)       * Find a view by ID, starting from the given root node      * @param id ID of the view you're looking for      * @param rootNode the ViewNode at which to begin the traversal      * @return view with the specified ID, or {@code null} if no view found.       ''' iconMenuView = viewer.findViewById('id/icon_menu') button = viewer.findViewById('id/title',iconMenuView) print "Button Text:",text.encode('utf-8')  '''     public String getFocusedWindowName()      * Gets the window that currently receives the focus.      *      * @return name of the window that currently receives the focus. ''' window = viewer.getFocusedWindowName() print "Window Name:",window.encode('utf-8')  '''     public static Point getAbsoluteCenterOfView(ViewNode node)      * Gets the absolute x/y center of the specified view node.      *      * @param node view node to find position of.      * @return absolute x/y center of the specified view node.      */ ''' point = viewer.getAbsoluteCenterOfView(button) print "Button Absolute Center Position:",point  '''     public static Point getAbsolutePositionOfView(ViewNode node)      * Gets the absolute x/y position of the view node.      *      * @param node view node to find position of.      * @return point specifying the x/y position of the node. ''' point = viewer.getAbsolutePositionOfView(button) print "Button Absolute Position:", point  '''     public boolean visible(ViewNode node)       * Gets the visibility of a given element.      * @param selector selector for the view.      * @return True if the element is visible. ''' isVisible = viewer.visible(button) print "is visible:",isVisible

9.附上HierarchyViewer类的源码方便参照

/*  * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project  *  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  * You may obtain a copy of the License at  *  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0  *  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and  * limitations under the License.  */ package com.android.chimpchat.hierarchyviewer; import com.android.ddmlib.IDevice; import com.android.ddmlib.Log; import com.android.hierarchyviewerlib.device.DeviceBridge; import com.android.hierarchyviewerlib.device.ViewServerDevice; import com.android.hierarchyviewerlib.models.ViewNode; import com.android.hierarchyviewerlib.models.Window; import org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Point; /**  * Class for querying the view hierarchy of the device.  */ public class HierarchyViewer {     public static final String TAG = "hierarchyviewer";     private IDevice mDevice;     /**      * Constructs the hierarchy viewer for the specified device.      *      * @param device The Android device to connect to.      */     public HierarchyViewer(IDevice device) {         this.mDevice = device;         setupViewServer();     }     private void setupViewServer() {         DeviceBridge.setupDeviceForward(mDevice);         if (!DeviceBridge.isViewServerRunning(mDevice)) {             if (!DeviceBridge.startViewServer(mDevice)) {                 // TODO: Get rid of this delay.                 try {                     Thread.sleep(2000);                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {                 }                 if (!DeviceBridge.startViewServer(mDevice)) {                     Log.e(TAG, "Unable to debug device " + mDevice);                     throw new RuntimeException("Could not connect to the view server");                 }                 return;             }         }         DeviceBridge.loadViewServerInfo(mDevice);     }     /**      * Find a view by id.      *      * @param id id for the view.      * @return view with the specified ID, or {@code null} if no view found.      */     public ViewNode findViewById(String id) {         ViewNode rootNode = DeviceBridge.loadWindowData(                 new Window(new ViewServerDevice(mDevice), "", 0xffffffff));         if (rootNode == null) {             throw new RuntimeException("Could not dump view");         }         return findViewById(id, rootNode);     }     /**      * Find a view by ID, starting from the given root node      * @param id ID of the view you're looking for      * @param rootNode the ViewNode at which to begin the traversal      * @return view with the specified ID, or {@code null} if no view found.      */     public ViewNode findViewById(String id, ViewNode rootNode) {         if (rootNode.id.equals(id)) {             return rootNode;         }         for (ViewNode child : rootNode.children) {             ViewNode found = findViewById(id,child);             if (found != null) {                 return found;             }         }         return null;     }     /**      * Gets the window that currently receives the focus.      *      * @return name of the window that currently receives the focus.      */     public String getFocusedWindowName() {         int id = DeviceBridge.getFocusedWindow(mDevice);         Window[] windows = DeviceBridge.loadWindows(new ViewServerDevice(mDevice), mDevice);         for (Window w : windows) {             if (w.getHashCode() == id)                 return w.getTitle();         }         return null;     }     /**      * Gets the absolute x/y position of the view node.      *      * @param node view node to find position of.      * @return point specifying the x/y position of the node.      */     public static Point getAbsolutePositionOfView(ViewNode node) {         int x = node.left;         int y = node.top;         ViewNode p = node.parent;         while (p != null) {             x += p.left - p.scrollX;             y += p.top - p.scrollY;             p = p.parent;         }         return new Point(x, y);     }     /**      * Gets the absolute x/y center of the specified view node.      *      * @param node view node to find position of.      * @return absolute x/y center of the specified view node.      */     public static Point getAbsoluteCenterOfView(ViewNode node) {         Point point = getAbsolutePositionOfView(node);         return new Point(                 point.x + (node.width / 2), point.y + (node.height / 2));     }     /**      * Gets the visibility of a given element.      *      * @param selector selector for the view.      * @return True if the element is visible.      */     public boolean visible(ViewNode node) {         boolean ret = (node != null)                 && node.namedProperties.containsKey("getVisibility()")                 && "VISIBLE".equalsIgnoreCase(                         node.namedProperties.get("getVisibility()").value);         return ret;     }     /**      * Gets the text of a given element.      *      * @param selector selector for the view.      * @return the text of the given element.      */     public String getText(ViewNode node) {         if (node == null) {             throw new RuntimeException("Node not found");         }         ViewNode.Property textProperty = node.namedProperties.get("text:mText");         if (textProperty == null) {             // give it another chance, ICS ViewServer returns mText             textProperty = node.namedProperties.get("mText");             if (textProperty == null) {                 throw new RuntimeException("No text property on node");             }         }         return textProperty.value;     } }

10. 参考阅读

以下是之前不同框架的控件定位的实践,一并列出来方便直接跳转参考:
  • Robotium之Android控件定位实践和建议(Appium/UIAutomator姊妹篇)
  • UIAutomator定位Android控件的方法实践和建议(Appium姊妹篇)
  • Appium基于安卓的各种FindElement的控件定位方法实践和建议


 

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MonkenRunner通过HierarchyViewer定位控件的方法和建议(Appium/UIAutomator/Robotium姊妹篇)

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