Ubuntu中安装软件时怎么指定版本号

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首先我们可以查看系统中某个软件都提供了哪些版本可供安装，这可以利用 apt-cache madison 命令来实现，废话不多说直接看 bash 命令行代码

$ apt-cache madison r-base
    r-base | 4.0.2-1.1804.0 | https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran40/ Packages
    r-base | 4.0.1-1.1804.0 | https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran40/ Packages
    r-base | 4.0.0-1.1804.0 | https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran40/ Packages
    r-base | 3.6.3-1bionic | https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
    r-base | 3.6.2-1bionic | https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
    r-base | 3.6.1-3bionic | https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
    r-base | 3.6.1-1bionic | https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
    r-base | 3.6.0-2bionic | https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
    r-base | 3.6.0-1bionic | https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
    r-base | 3.5.3-1bionic | https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
    r-base | 3.5.2-1bionic | https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
    r-base | 3.5.1-2bionic | https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
    r-base | 3.5.1-1bionic | https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
    r-base | 3.5.0-1bionic | https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
    r-base | 3.4.4-1ubuntu1 | http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 Packages
    r-base | 3.4.4-1ubuntu1 | http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe i386 Packages

也可以使用 apt-cache policy 命令，如

$ apt-cache policy r-base
r-base:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 4.0.2-1.1804.0
  Version table:
     4.0.2-1.1804.0 500
        500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran40/ Packages
     4.0.1-1.1804.0 500
        500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran40/ Packages
     4.0.0-1.1804.0 500
        500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran40/ Packages
     3.6.3-1bionic 500
        500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
     3.6.2-1bionic 500
        500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
     3.6.1-3bionic 500
        500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
     3.6.1-1bionic 500
        500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
     3.6.0-2bionic 500
        500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
     3.6.0-1bionic 500
        500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
     3.5.3-1bionic 500
        500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
     3.5.2-1bionic 500
        500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
     3.5.1-2bionic 500
        500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
     3.5.1-1bionic 500
        500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
     3.5.0-1bionic 500
        500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
     3.4.4-1ubuntu1 500
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 Packages
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe i386 Packages

如果查到我们想安装的具体版本号在列表中那就可以使用 apt-get install package=version 进行安装，如

apt-get install r-base=3.6.3-1bionic

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