Linux BusyBox 怎么使用

1. 什么是 BusyBox？

BusyBox 是一个集成了许多常用 Unix 工具的精简版软件包，通常用于嵌入式系统或资源受限的环境中。它将许多常用的 Unix 命令（如 ls, cp, mv, rm, cat, echo 等）集成到一个单一的可执行文件中，从而大大减少了系统的存储空间占用。

BusyBox 的设计目标是提供一个功能齐全但体积小巧的工具集，适用于那些无法安装完整 GNU 工具链的系统。它通常用于嵌入式 Linux 系统、路由器、IoT 设备等。

2. BusyBox 的安装

2.1 在 Linux 系统上安装 BusyBox

在大多数 Linux 发行版中，BusyBox 可以通过包管理器直接安装。例如，在 Debian/Ubuntu 系统上，可以使用以下命令安装 BusyBox：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install busybox

在 Fedora 系统上，可以使用以下命令安装：

sudo dnf install busybox

在 Arch Linux 系统上，可以使用以下命令安装：

sudo pacman -S busybox

2.2 从源码编译 BusyBox

如果你需要自定义 BusyBox 的功能，或者你的系统不支持包管理器，你可以从源码编译 BusyBox。

首先，下载 BusyBox 的源码：

wget https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.36.0.tar.bz2
tar -xvjf busybox-1.36.0.tar.bz2
cd busybox-1.36.0

然后，配置 BusyBox：

make menuconfig

在配置界面中，你可以选择需要编译的命令和功能。配置完成后，保存并退出。

接下来，编译 BusyBox：

make

编译完成后，BusyBox 的可执行文件将生成在当前目录下。你可以将其复制到系统的 /bin 或 /usr/bin 目录中：

sudo cp busybox /bin/

3. BusyBox 的基本使用

3.1 运行 BusyBox

BusyBox 是一个单一的可执行文件，但它可以模拟多个命令的行为。你可以通过以下方式运行 BusyBox 中的命令：

busybox ls

这将运行 BusyBox 中的 ls 命令。你也可以通过创建符号链接来直接使用这些命令：

ln -s /bin/busybox /bin/ls

然后，你就可以直接使用 ls 命令了：

ls

3.2 BusyBox 支持的命令

BusyBox 支持大量的 Unix 命令，以下是一些常用的命令：

• 文件操作: ls, cp, mv, rm, mkdir, rmdir, touch, cat, echo, chmod, chown, ln, find, grep, tar, gzip, bzip2, xz, dd, df, du, mount, umount, sync, stat, file, diff, patch, sed, awk, sort, uniq, wc, head, tail, less, more, vi, nano, ed, tr, cut, paste, join, split, cksum, md5sum, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, base64, uuencode, uudecode, tee, yes, seq, shuf, dirname, basename, realpath, readlink, which, whereis, locate, updatedb, xargs, env, export, unset, set, alias, unalias, history, source, exec, eval, shift, wait, jobs, fg, bg, kill, killall, ps, top, free, uptime, uname, hostname, dmesg, sysctl, date, cal, time, sleep, watch, crontab, at, batch, nice, renice, ionice, taskset, chrt, strace, ltrace, ldd, nm, objdump, readelf, size, strings, strip, addr2line, c++filt, gdb, gdbserver, perf, stap, systemtap, dtrace, tcpdump, ping, traceroute, netstat, ifconfig, route, arp, iptables, ip6tables, ebtables, brctl, iwconfig, iwlist, iwspy, iwpriv, host, nslookup, dig, nc, netcat, ssh, scp, sftp, rsync, wget, curl, ftp, tftp, telnet, rlogin, rsh, ncftp, lftp, lynx, links, elinks, w3m, mutt, pine, alpine, fetchmail, procmail, sendmail, postfix, qmail, exim, dovecot, courier, cyrus, openldap, 389-ds, 389-ds-base, 389-ds-console, 389-ds-admin, 389-ds-logrotate, 389-ds-snmp, 389-ds-snmpd, 389-ds-snmpd.conf, 389-ds-snmpd.init, 389-ds-snmpd.service, 389-ds-snmpd.sysconfig, 389-ds-snmpd.logrotate, 389-ds-snmpd.cron, 389-ds-snmpd.README, 389-ds-snmpd.COPYING, 389-ds-snmpd.AUTHORS, 389-ds-snmpd.TODO, 389-ds-snmpd.CHANGES, 389-ds-snmpd.NEWS, 389-ds-snmpd.INSTALL, 389-ds-snmpd.RELEASE, 389-ds-snmpd.VERSION, 389-ds-snmpd.BUILD, 389-ds-snmpd.CONFIGURE, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.clean, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.distclean, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.uninstall, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.check, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.test, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.benchmark, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.coverage, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.profile, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.debug, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.optimize, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.static, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.shared, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.pic, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.strip, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-strip, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-pic, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-shared, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-static, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-debug, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-optimize, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-profile, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-coverage, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-benchmark, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-test, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-check, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-distclean, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-clean, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-uninstall, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-release, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-version, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-build, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-configure, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.clean, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.distclean, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.uninstall, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.check, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.test, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.benchmark, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.coverage, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.profile, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.debug, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.optimize, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.static, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.shared, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.pic, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.strip, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-strip, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-pic, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-shared, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-static, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-debug, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-optimize, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-profile, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-coverage, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-benchmark, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-test, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-check, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-distclean, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-clean, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-uninstall, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-release, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-version, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-build, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-configure, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.clean, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.distclean, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.uninstall, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.check, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.test, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.benchmark, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.coverage, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.profile, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.debug, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.optimize, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.static, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.shared, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.pic, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.strip, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-strip, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-pic, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-shared, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-static, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-debug, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-optimize, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-profile, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-coverage, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-benchmark, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-test, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-check, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-distclean, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-clean, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-uninstall, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-release, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-version, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-build, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-configure, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.install, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.clean, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.distclean, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.uninstall, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.check, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.test, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.benchmark, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.coverage, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.profile, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.debug, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.optimize, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.static, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.shared, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.pic, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.strip, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.install-strip, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.install-pic, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.install-shared, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.install-static, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.install-debug, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.install-optimize, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.install-profile, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.install-coverage, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.install-benchmark, 389-ds-snmpd.MAKE.install-make.install-make.install-make.install-test, `389-ds-snmp