怎么用C#获取计算机的软件和硬件信息

在开发应用程序时，有时我们需要获取计算机的软件和硬件信息，以便进行系统监控、性能分析或故障排查。C# 提供了多种方式来获取这些信息。本文将详细介绍如何使用 C# 获取计算机的软件和硬件信息。

1. 获取操作系统信息

1.1 使用 Environment 类

Environment 类提供了许多静态属性和方法来获取操作系统的基本信息。

using System;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("操作系统版本: " + Environment.OSVersion);
        Console.WriteLine("64位操作系统: " + Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem);
        Console.WriteLine("计算机名称: " + Environment.MachineName);
        Console.WriteLine("用户名称: " + Environment.UserName);
        Console.WriteLine("系统目录: " + Environment.SystemDirectory);
        Console.WriteLine("当前目录: " + Environment.CurrentDirectory);
    }
}

1.2 使用 System.Management 命名空间

System.Management 命名空间提供了更详细的系统信息。

using System;
using System.Management;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_OperatingSystem");
        foreach (ManagementObject obj in searcher.Get())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("操作系统名称: " + obj["Caption"]);
            Console.WriteLine("版本: " + obj["Version"]);
            Console.WriteLine("制造商: " + obj["Manufacturer"]);
            Console.WriteLine("安装日期: " + obj["InstallDate"]);
        }
    }
}

2. 获取硬件信息

2.1 获取 CPU 信息

using System;
using System.Management;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_Processor");
        foreach (ManagementObject obj in searcher.Get())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("CPU 名称: " + obj["Name"]);
            Console.WriteLine("CPU 核心数: " + obj["NumberOfCores"]);
            Console.WriteLine("CPU 线程数: " + obj["NumberOfLogicalProcessors"]);
            Console.WriteLine("CPU 最大时钟频率: " + obj["MaxClockSpeed"]);
        }
    }
}

2.2 获取内存信息

using System;
using System.Management;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_PhysicalMemory");
        foreach (ManagementObject obj in searcher.Get())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("内存容量: " + obj["Capacity"]);
            Console.WriteLine("内存速度: " + obj["Speed"]);
            Console.WriteLine("内存制造商: " + obj["Manufacturer"]);
        }
    }
}

2.3 获取磁盘信息

using System;
using System.Management;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_DiskDrive");
        foreach (ManagementObject obj in searcher.Get())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("磁盘名称: " + obj["Model"]);
            Console.WriteLine("磁盘大小: " + obj["Size"]);
            Console.WriteLine("磁盘接口类型: " + obj["InterfaceType"]);
        }
    }
}

2.4 获取显卡信息

using System;
using System.Management;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_VideoController");
        foreach (ManagementObject obj in searcher.Get())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("显卡名称: " + obj["Name"]);
            Console.WriteLine("显卡内存: " + obj["AdapterRAM"]);
            Console.WriteLine("显卡驱动版本: " + obj["DriverVersion"]);
        }
    }
}

3. 获取网络信息

3.1 获取网络适配器信息

using System;
using System.Management;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration");
        foreach (ManagementObject obj in searcher.Get())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("网络适配器名称: " + obj["Description"]);
            Console.WriteLine("IP 地址: " + string.Join(", ", (string[])obj["IPAddress"]));
            Console.WriteLine("MAC 地址: " + obj["MACAddress"]);
        }
    }
}

3.2 获取网络连接状态

using System;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        NetworkInterface[] interfaces = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces();
        foreach (NetworkInterface ni in interfaces)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("网络接口名称: " + ni.Name);
            Console.WriteLine("网络接口类型: " + ni.NetworkInterfaceType);
            Console.WriteLine("网络接口状态: " + ni.OperationalStatus);
        }
    }
}

4. 获取已安装软件信息

4.1 使用 ManagementObjectSearcher 获取已安装软件

using System;
using System.Management;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_Product");
        foreach (ManagementObject obj in searcher.Get())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("软件名称: " + obj["Name"]);
            Console.WriteLine("版本: " + obj["Version"]);
            Console.WriteLine("安装日期: " + obj["InstallDate"]);
        }
    }
}

4.2 使用注册表获取已安装软件

using System;
using Microsoft.Win32;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        string registryKey = @"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall";
        using (RegistryKey key = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(registryKey))
        {
            foreach (string subKeyName in key.GetSubKeyNames())
            {
                using (RegistryKey subKey = key.OpenSubKey(subKeyName))
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("软件名称: " + subKey.GetValue("DisplayName"));
                    Console.WriteLine("版本: " + subKey.GetValue("DisplayVersion"));
                    Console.WriteLine("发布者: " + subKey.GetValue("Publisher"));
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

5. 获取系统性能信息

5.1 获取 CPU 使用率

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        PerformanceCounter cpuCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Processor", "% Processor Time", "_Total");
        Console.WriteLine("CPU 使用率: " + cpuCounter.NextValue() + "%");
    }
}

5.2 获取内存使用率

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        PerformanceCounter ramCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Memory", "Available MBytes");
        Console.WriteLine("可用内存: " + ramCounter.NextValue() + "MB");
    }
}

6. 总结

通过使用 C# 的 Environment 类、System.Management 命名空间、PerformanceCounter 类以及注册表，我们可以轻松获取计算机的软件和硬件信息。这些信息对于系统监控、性能分析和故障排查非常有用。希望本文能帮助你更好地理解如何使用 C# 获取计算机的软件和硬件信息。