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参照《Netty系列之Netty 服务端创建》,研究了netty的服务端创建过程。至于netty的优势,可以参照网络其他文章。《Netty系列之Netty 服务端创建》是 李林锋撰写的netty源码分析的一篇好文,绝对是技术干货。但抛开技术来说,也存在一些瑕疵。
缺点如下
代码衔接不连贯,上下不连贯。
代码片段是截图,对阅读代理不便(可能和阅读习惯有关)
本篇主要内容,参照《Netty系列之Netty 服务端创建》,梳理出自己喜欢的阅读风格。
1.整体逻辑图
整体将服务端创建分为2部分:(1)绑定端口,提供服务过程;(2)轮询网络请求
1.1 绑定端口序列图
1.2 类图
类图仅仅涵盖了绑定过程中比较重要的几个组件
1.3 代码分析
step 2 doBind 绑定本地端口,启动服务
private ChannelFuture doBind(final SocketAddress localAddress) { final ChannelFuture regFuture = initAndRegister();//1 final Channel channel = regFuture.channel(); if (regFuture.cause() != null) { return regFuture; } final ChannelPromise promise; if (regFuture.isDone()) { promise = channel.newPromise(); doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);//2 } else { // Registration future is almost always fulfilled already, but just in case it's not. promise = new DefaultChannelPromise(channel, GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE); regFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() { @Override public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception { doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);//2 } }); } return promise; }
主要分为2个处理单元
step3 initAndRegister
final ChannelFuture initAndRegister() { Channel channel; try { channel = createChannel(); } catch (Throwable t) { return VoidChannel.INSTANCE.newFailedFuture(t); } try { init(channel); } catch (Throwable t) { channel.unsafe().closeForcibly(); return channel.newFailedFuture(t); } //注册NioServerSocketChannel到Reactor线程的多路复用器上 ChannelPromise regFuture = channel.newPromise(); channel.unsafe().register(regFuture); if (regFuture.cause() != null) { if (channel.isRegistered()) { channel.close(); } else { channel.unsafe().closeForcibly(); } } return regFuture; }
createChannel由子类ServerBootstrap实现,创建新的NioServerSocketChannel,并完成Channel初始化,以及注册。
4.ServerBootstrap.createChannel
Channel createChannel() { EventLoop eventLoop = group().next(); return channelFactory().newChannel(eventLoop, childGroup); }
它有两个参数,参数1是从父类的NIO线程池中顺序获取一个NioEventLoop,它就是服务端用于监听和接收客户端连接的Reactor线程。第二个参数就是所谓的workerGroup线程池,它就是处理IO读写的Reactor线程组。
5.ServerBootstrap.init
void init(Channel channel) throws Exception { //设置Socket参数和NioServerSocketChannel的附加属性 final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = options(); synchronized (options) { channel.config().setOptions(options); } final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs = attrs(); synchronized (attrs) { for (Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object> e: attrs.entrySet()) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") AttributeKey<Object> key = (AttributeKey<Object>) e.getKey(); channel.attr(key).set(e.getValue()); } } //将AbstractBootstrap的Handler添加到NioServerSocketChannel的ChannelPipeline中 ChannelPipeline p = channel.pipeline(); if (handler() != null) { p.addLast(handler()); } final ChannelHandler currentChildHandler = childHandler; final Entry<ChannelOption<?>, Object>[] currentChildOptions; final Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object>[] currentChildAttrs; synchronized (childOptions) { currentChildOptions = childOptions.entrySet().toArray(newOptionArray(childOptions.size())); } synchronized (childAttrs) { currentChildAttrs = childAttrs.entrySet().toArray(newAttrArray(childAttrs.size())); } //将用于服务端注册的Handler ServerBootstrapAcceptor添加到ChannelPipeline中 p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() { @Override public void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs)); } }); }
到此处,Netty服务端监听的相关资源已经初始化完毕。
6.AbstractChannel.AbstractUnsafe.register
public final void register(final ChannelPromise promise) { //首先判断是否是NioEventLoop自身发起的操作,如果是,则不存在并发操作,直接执行Channel注册; if (eventLoop.inEventLoop()) { register0(promise); } else {//如果由其它线程发起,则封装成一个Task放入消息队列中异步执行。 try { eventLoop.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { register0(promise); } }); } catch (Throwable t) { logger.warn( "Force-closing a channel whose registration task was not accepted by an event loop: {}", AbstractChannel.this, t); closeForcibly(); closeFuture.setClosed(); promise.setFailure(t); } } }
7.register0
private void register0(ChannelPromise promise) { try { // check if the channel is still open as it could be closed in the mean time when the register // call was outside of the eventLoop if (!ensureOpen(promise)) { return; } doRegister(); registered = true; promise.setSuccess(); pipeline.fireChannelRegistered(); if (isActive()) {//完成绑定时,不会调用该代码段 pipeline.fireChannelActive(); } } catch (Throwable t) { // Close the channel directly to avoid FD leak. closeForcibly(); closeFuture.setClosed(); if (!promise.tryFailure(t)) { logger.warn( "Tried to fail the registration promise, but it is complete already. " + "Swallowing the cause of the registration failure:", t); } } }
触发事件
8.doRegister
protected void doRegister() throws Exception { boolean selected = false; for (;;) { try { //将NioServerSocketChannel注册到NioEventLoop的Selector上 selectionKey = javaChannel().register(eventLoop().selector, 0, this); return; } catch (CancelledKeyException e) { if (!selected) { // Force the Selector to select now as the "canceled" SelectionKey may still be // cached and not removed because no Select.select(..) operation was called yet. eventLoop().selectNow(); selected = true; } else { // We forced a select operation on the selector before but the SelectionKey is still cached // for whatever reason. JDK bug ? throw e; } } } }
大伙儿可能会很诧异,应该注册OP_ACCEPT(16)到多路复用器上,怎么注册0呢?0表示只注册,不监听任何网络操作。这样做的原因如下:
注册方法是多态的,它既可以被NioServerSocketChannel用来监听客户端的连接接入,也可以用来注册SocketChannel,用来监听网络读或者写操作;
通过SelectionKey的interestOps(int ops)方法可以方便的修改监听操作位。所以,此处注册需要获取SelectionKey并给AbstractNioChannel的成员变量selectionKey赋值。
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