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在现代Web应用中，文件上传功能是一个非常常见的需求。特别是在处理Excel文件时，如何高效地解析和存储数据是一个关键问题。本文将详细介绍如何使用Java和EasyExcel库来实现文件上传功能，并解析Excel文件中的数据。
在开始之前，确保你已经安装了以下工具和库：
我们将创建一个简单的Spring Boot项目，项目结构如下：
src/main/java
└── com
└── example
└── upload
├── controller
│ └── UploadController.java
├── entity
│ └── User.java
├── repository
│ └── UserRepository.java
├── service
│ └── UploadService.java
└── UploadApplication.java
src/main/resources
└── application.properties
src/main/webapp
└── WEB-INF
└── views
└── upload.jsp
pom.xml
在pom.xml中添加以下依赖：
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring Boot Starter Web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Boot Starter Data JPA -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- MySQL Connector -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- EasyExcel -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
<version>2.2.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Boot Starter Thymeleaf -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/upload.jsp中创建一个简单的文件上传表单：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>文件上传</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>文件上传</h1>
<form action="/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file" />
<input type="submit" value="上传" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
在UploadController.java中创建一个文件上传接口：
package com.example.upload.controller;
import com.example.upload.service.UploadService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
@Controller
public class UploadController {
@Autowired
private UploadService uploadService;
@PostMapping("/upload")
public String uploadFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) {
if (file.isEmpty()) {
return "redirect:/upload?error=文件为空";
}
uploadService.upload(file);
return "redirect:/upload?success=文件上传成功";
}
}
在UploadService.java中实现Excel数据解析：
package com.example.upload.service;
import com.alibaba.excel.EasyExcel;
import com.example.upload.entity.User;
import com.example.upload.repository.UserRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class UploadService {
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
public void upload(MultipartFile file) {
try {
List<User> users = EasyExcel.read(file.getInputStream())
.head(User.class)
.sheet()
.doReadSync();
userRepository.saveAll(users);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
在User.java中定义实体类：
package com.example.upload.entity;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
// Getters and Setters
}
在UserRepository.java中定义仓库接口：
package com.example.upload.repository;
import com.example.upload.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
}
http://localhost:8080/upload，上传一个Excel文件。通过本文的介绍，我们学习了如何使用Java和EasyExcel库实现文件上传功能，并解析Excel文件中的数据。这种方法不仅简单易用，而且性能高效，非常适合处理大量数据的场景。希望本文对你有所帮助！
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