您好,登录后才能下订单哦!
ES6 的类提供了几点明显的好处:
兼容当前大量的代码。
相对于构造器和构造器继承,类使初学者更容易入门。
子类化在语言层面支持。
可以子类化内置的构造器。
不再需要继承库;框架之间的代码变得更加轻便。
为将来的高级特性奠定了基础: traits (或者 mixins ), 不可变实例,等等。
使工具能够静态分析代码( IDE ,类型检测器,代码风格检测器,等等)。
ES6 类掩盖了 JavaScript 继承的本质;
类会禁锢你,因为强制性的 new。
function Point(x, y){
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
Point.prototype.toString = function(){
return "(" + this.x + "," + this.y + ")";
}
const p = new Point(1,2);
console.log(p);//Point {x: 1, y: 2}
console.log(p.toString());//(1,2)
上面代码的改用class来写
class Points {
constructor(x, y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
toString(){
return '(' + this.x + ',' + this.y + ')'; }
}
const ps = new Points(1, 2);
console.log(ps);//Points {x: 1, y: 2}
console.log(ps.toString());//(1,2)
ES6的类可以看作构造函数的另一种写法
class Cty{
//....
}
console.log(typeof Cty);//function
console.log(Cty === Cty.prototype.constructor);//true
//类的数据类型是函数,类本身就指向构造函数
使用的时候,也是直接对类使用new命令,跟构造函数的用法完全一致
class Bar {
doStuff(){
console.log('stuff');
}
}
const b =new Bar();
b.doStuff();//stuff
类的实例上面的方法,其实就是调用原型上的方法
class B {};
const BS = new B();
console.log(BS.constructor === B.prototype.constructor);//true
class Poin{
constructor(x,y){
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
toString(){
return `(${this.x},${this.y})`;
}
}
class ColorPoin extends Poin{
constructor(x,y,color){
super(x,y);
this.color = color;
}
toString(){
return super.toString() + " in " + this. color;
}
}
// 类型
console.log(typeof Poin);//function
//news实例
const cp = new ColorPoin(25,8,'green');
console.log(cp.toString());//(25,8) in green
console.log(cp instanceof ColorPoin);//true
console.log(cp instanceof Poin);//true
// instanceof测试构造函数的prototype属性是否出现在对象的原型链中的任何位置
下面是一些方法:
class ObjAssign {
constructor(name, age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}
Object.assign(ObjAssign.prototype,{
toString(){
console.log("string");
},
toValue(){
console.log("value")
}
})
const Obj = new ObjAssign('Bob',24);
console.log(Obj);
Obj.toString();//string
Obj.toValue();//value
console.log(Object.keys(ObjAssign.prototype));//["toString", "toValue"]
console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(ObjAssign.prototype));// ["constructor", "toString", "toValue"]
class Pott {
constructor(x,y){
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
toString() {
return '(' + this.x + ',' + this.y + ')';
}
}
const pott = new Pott(2,3);
pott.toString();
console.log(pott.hasOwnProperty("x"));//true
console.log(pott.hasOwnProperty("y"));//true
console.log(pott.hasOwnProperty("toString"));//false
console.log(pott);
console.log(pott.__proto__);
console.log(pott.__proto__.hasOwnProperty("toString"));//true
const p1 = new Pott(2,3);
const p2 = new Pott(3,3);
console.log(p1.__proto__ === p2.__proto__);//true
p1.__proto__.printName = function(){
return "Oops";
}
console.log(p1.printName());//Oops
console.log(p2.printName());//Oops
const p3 = new Pott(4,2);
console.log(p3.printName());//Oops
prop属性有对应的存值函数和取值函数
class MyClass {
constructor(){
//...
}
get prop(){
return 'getter';
}
set prop(value){
console.log("setter:" + value);
}
}
const inst = new MyClass();
inst.prop = 123;//setter: 123
console.log(inst.prop)//getter
class CustomHTMLElement {
constructor(element) {
this.element = element;
}
get html() {
return this.element.innerHTML;
}
set html(value) {
this.element.innerHTML = value;
}
}
const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(
CustomHTMLElement.prototype, "html"
);
console.log("get" in descriptor) // true
console.log("set" in descriptor) // true
const MyCl = class Me {
getClassName() {
return Me.name;
}
}
const inMe = new MyCl();
console.log(inMe.getClassName());//Me 只在class内部有定义
const person = new class{
constructor(name){
this.name = name;
}
sayName(){
console.log(this.name);
}
}('张三');
person.sayName();//张三
class Mine {
//...
}
console.log(Mine.name);//Mine
this.printName = this.printName.bind(this)绑定解决
class Logger{
constructor(){
this.printName = this.printName.bind(this);
}
printName(name = 'there'){
this.print(`Hello ${name}`);
}
print(text){
console.log(text);
}
}
const logger = new Logger();
const {printName} = logger;
printName();//Hello there
如果在一个方法前,加上static关键字,就表示该方法不会被实例继承,而是通过类来调用
class Foo{
static classMethod() {
return 'hello';
}
}
console.log(Foo.classMethod());//Hello
const foo = new Foo();
// console.log(foo.classMethod())//foo.classMethod is not a function
class Fun {
static bar(){
this.baz();
}
static baz(){
console.log('hello');
}
baz(){
console.log('world');
}
}
Fun.bar();//hello
父类静态方法可以被子类调用
class Func{
static classMethod() {
return 'hello';
}
}
class Baa extends Func{
static classMethod(){
console.log(super.classMethod + ",too") ;
}
}
Baa.classMethod();//hello,too
class IncreasingCounter{
// constructor(){
// this._count = 0;
// }
_count = 0;
get value(){
console.log('getting the current value');
return this._count;
}
increment(){
this._count++;
}
}
确保函数只能通过new命令调用
function PersonMan(name){
if(new.target !== undefined){
this.name = name;
}else{
throw new Error('必须使用new命令生成实例')
}
}
function PersonWoman(name){
if(new.target === PersonWoman){
this.name = name;
}else{
throw new Error('必须使用new命令生成实例')
}
}
const personman = new PersonMan('张三');
const personwoman = new PersonWoman('张三');
// const personwoman2 = PersonWoman.call(PersonWoman,'张三');//报错
内部调用new.target会返回当前的class
class Rectangle{
constructor(length,width){
console.log(new.target);
console.log(new.target===Rectangle);
this.length = length;
this.width = width;
}
}
const rectangle = new Rectangle(3,4);
子类继承父类时,new.target会返回子类
class Rec{
constructor(length,width){
console.log(new.target);
console.log(new.target===Rectangle);
console.log(new.target===Square);
this.length = length;
this.width = width;
//...
}
}
class Square extends Rec{
constructor(length,width){
super(length,width);
}
}
const squareA = new Square(3,6);//false/true
参考文章
探索ES6
ES6阮一峰
免责声明:本站发布的内容(图片、视频和文字)以原创、转载和分享为主,文章观点不代表本网站立场,如果涉及侵权请联系站长邮箱:is@yisu.com进行举报,并提供相关证据,一经查实,将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。