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这篇文章主要介绍“Java如何实现Token登录验证”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在Java如何实现Token登录验证问题上存在疑惑,小编查阅了各式资料,整理出简单好用的操作方法,希望对大家解答”Java如何实现Token登录验证”的疑惑有所帮助!接下来,请跟着小编一起来学习吧!
在介绍JWT之前,我们先来回顾一下利用token进行用户身份验证的流程:
1、客户端使用用户名和密码请求登录
2、服务端收到请求,验证用户名和密码
3、验证成功后,服务端会签发一个token,再把这个token返回给客户端
4、客户端收到token后可以把它存储起来,比如放到cookie中
5、客户端每次向服务端请求资源时需要携带服务端签发的token,可以在cookie或者header中携带
6、服务端收到请求,然后去验证客户端请求里面带着的token,如果验证成功,就向客户端返回请求数据
这种基于token的认证方式相比传统的session认证方式更节约服务器资源,并且对移动端和分布式更加友好。其优点如下:
支持跨域访问:cookie是无法跨域的,而token由于没有用到cookie(前提是将token放到请求头中),所以跨域后不会存在信息丢失问题
无状态:token机制在服务端不需要存储session信息,因为token自身包含了所有登录用户的信息,所以可以减轻服务端压力
更适用CDN:可以通过内容分发网络请求服务端的所有资料
更适用于移动端:当客户端是非浏览器平台时,cookie是不被支持的,此时采用token认证方式会简单很多
无需考虑CSRF:由于不再依赖cookie,所以采用token认证方式不会发生CSRF,所以也就无需考虑CSRF的防御
而JWT就是上述流程当中token的一种具体实现方式,其全称是JSON Web Token
通俗地说,JWT的本质就是一个字符串,它是将用户信息保存到一个Json字符串中,然后进行编码后得到一个JWT token,并且这个JWT token带有签名信息,接收后可以校验是否被篡改,所以可以用于在各方之间安全地将信息作为Json对象传输。JWT的认证流程如下:
1、首先,前端通过Web表单将自己的用户名和密码发送到后端的接口,这个过程一般是一个POST请求。建议的方式是通过SSL加密的传输(HTTPS),从而避免敏感信息被嗅探
2、后端核对用户名和密码成功后,将包含用户信息的数据作为JWT的Payload,将其与JWT Header分别进行Base64编码拼接后签名,形成一个JWT Token,形成的JWT Token就是一个如同lll.zzz.xxx的字符串
3、后端将JWT Token字符串作为登录成功的结果返回给前端。前端可以将返回的结果保存在浏览器中,退出登录时删除保存的JWT Token即可
4、前端在每次请求时将JWT Token放入HTTP请求头中的Authorization属性中(解决XSS和XSRF问题)
5、后端检查前端传过来的JWT Token,验证其有效性,比如检查签名是否正确、是否过期、token的接收方是否是自己等等
6、验证通过后,后端解析出JWT Token中包含的用户信息,进行其他逻辑操作(一般是根据用户信息得到权限等),返回结果
最后:说白了,JWT:JSON Web Token,其实token就是一段字符串,由三部分组成:Header,Payload,Signature
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.22</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId> <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId> <version>5.7.21</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>3.4.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.79</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId> <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId> <version>1.9.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.18.22</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.11.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId> <version>4.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.13.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <version>2.3.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.auth0</groupId> <artifactId>java-jwt</artifactId> <version>3.18.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
这里进行测试,所以用户类只有用户名密码,自行创建
1、annotation包
PassToken:
package com.geesun.annotation; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; /** * @author :Mr.ZJW * @date :Created 2022/2/28 10:26 * @description:用来跳过验证的 PassToken */ @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface PassToken { boolean required() default true; }
UserLoginToken:
package com.geesun.annotation; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; /** * @author :Mr.ZJW * @date :Created 2022/2/28 10:26 * @description:用于登录后才能操作的token */ /*RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME:这种类型的Annotations将被JVM保留, 所以他们能在运行时被JVM或其他使用反射机制的代码所读取和使用。*/ @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface UserLoginToken { boolean required() default true; }
2、common包
CodeMsg:
package com.geesun.common; /** * @author :Mr.ZJW * @date :Created 2022/2/28 10:26 * @description:返回提示 */ public class CodeMsg { private int retCode; private String message; // 按照模块定义CodeMsg // 通用异常 public static CodeMsg SUCCESS = new CodeMsg(0,"success"); public static CodeMsg SERVER_EXCEPTION = new CodeMsg(500100,"服务端异常"); public static CodeMsg PARAMETER_ISNULL = new CodeMsg(500101,"输入参数为空"); // 业务异常 public static CodeMsg USER_NOT_EXSIST = new CodeMsg(500102,"用户不存在"); public static CodeMsg ONLINE_USER_OVER = new CodeMsg(500103,"在线用户数超出允许登录的最大用户限制。"); public static CodeMsg SESSION_NOT_EXSIST = new CodeMsg(500104,"不存在离线session数据"); public static CodeMsg NOT_FIND_DATA = new CodeMsg(500105,"查找不到对应数据"); public static CodeMsg USER_OR_PASS_ERROR = new CodeMsg(500102,"账号或者密码错误,请重试!"); private CodeMsg(int retCode, String message) { this.retCode = retCode; this.message = message; } public int getRetCode() { return retCode; } public String getMessage() { return message; } public void setMessage(String message) { this.message = message; } }
Result:
package com.geesun.common; /** * @author :Mr.ZJW * @date :Created 2022/2/28 10:26 * @description:返回统一结果集 */ public class Result<T> { private String message; private int retCode; private T data; private Result(T data) { this.retCode = 200; this.message = "成功"; this.data = data; } private Result(CodeMsg cm) { if(cm == null){ return; } this.retCode = cm.getRetCode(); this.message = cm.getMessage(); } /** * 成功时候的调用 * @return */ public static <T> Result<T> success(T data){ return new Result<T>(data); } /** * 成功,不需要传入参数 * @return */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static <T> Result<T> success(){ return (Result<T>) success(""); } /** * 失败时候的调用 * @return */ public static <T> Result<T> error(CodeMsg cm){ return new Result<T>(cm); } /** * 失败时候的调用,扩展消息参数 * @param cm * @param msg * @return */ public static <T> Result<T> error(CodeMsg cm,String msg){ cm.setMessage(cm.getMessage()+"--"+msg); return new Result<T>(cm); } public T getData() { return data; } public String getMessage() { return message; } public int getRetCode() { return retCode; } }
3、config包
InterceptorConfig:
package com.geesun.config; import com.geesun.Interceptor.AuthenticationInterceptor; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.format.FormatterRegistry; import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter; import org.springframework.validation.MessageCodesResolver; import org.springframework.validation.Validator; import org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolver; import org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler; import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.*; import java.util.List; /** * @author :Mr.ZJW * @date :Created 2022/2/28 10:25 * @description:新建Token拦截器 */ @Configuration public class InterceptorConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(authenticationInterceptor()) .addPathPatterns("/**"); // 拦截所有请求,通过判断是否有 @LoginRequired 注解 决定是否需要登录 } @Bean public AuthenticationInterceptor authenticationInterceptor() { return new AuthenticationInterceptor(); } @Override public void addArgumentResolvers(List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void addReturnValueHandlers(List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void configureAsyncSupport(AsyncSupportConfigurer arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void configureContentNegotiation(ContentNegotiationConfigurer arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(List<HandlerExceptionResolver> arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void configurePathMatch(PathMatchConfigurer arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void configureViewResolvers(ViewResolverRegistry arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void extendHandlerExceptionResolvers(List<HandlerExceptionResolver> arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void extendMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public MessageCodesResolver getMessageCodesResolver() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } @Override public Validator getValidator() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } }
4、Interceptor包
AuthenticationInterceptor:
package com.geesun.Interceptor; import com.auth0.jwt.JWT; import com.auth0.jwt.JWTVerifier; import com.auth0.jwt.algorithms.Algorithm; import com.auth0.jwt.exceptions.JWTDecodeException; import com.auth0.jwt.exceptions.JWTVerificationException; import com.geesun.annotation.PassToken; import com.geesun.annotation.UserLoginToken; import com.geesun.pojo.User; import com.geesun.service.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod; import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.lang.reflect.Method; /** * @author :Mr.ZJW * @date :Created 2022/2/28 10:24 * @description:拦截器 */ public class AuthenticationInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Autowired UserService userService; @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object object) throws Exception { String token = httpServletRequest.getHeader("token");// 从 http 请求头中取出 token // 如果不是映射到方法直接通过 if(!(object instanceof HandlerMethod)){ return true; } HandlerMethod handlerMethod=(HandlerMethod)object; Method method=handlerMethod.getMethod(); //检查是否有passtoken注释,有则跳过认证 if (method.isAnnotationPresent(PassToken.class)) { PassToken passToken = method.getAnnotation(PassToken.class); if (passToken.required()) { return true; } } //检查有没有需要用户权限的注解 if (method.isAnnotationPresent(UserLoginToken.class)) { UserLoginToken userLoginToken = method.getAnnotation(UserLoginToken.class); if (userLoginToken.required()) { // 执行认证 if (token == null) { throw new RuntimeException("无token,请重新登录"); } // 获取 token 中的 user id String userId; try { userId = JWT.decode(token).getAudience().get(0); } catch (JWTDecodeException j) { throw new RuntimeException("401"); } User user = userService.findUserById(userId); if (user == null) { throw new RuntimeException("用户不存在,请重新登录"); } // 验证 token JWTVerifier jwtVerifier = JWT.require(Algorithm.HMAC256(user.getPassword())).build(); try { jwtVerifier.verify(token); } catch (JWTVerificationException e) { throw new RuntimeException("401"); } return true; } } return true; } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception { } }
5、utils包
TokenUtil:
package com.geesun.utils; import com.auth0.jwt.JWT; import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder; import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /** * @author :Mr.ZJW * @date :Created 2022/2/28 10:24 * @description: */ public class TokenUtil { public static String getTokenUserId() { String token = getRequest().getHeader("token");// 从 http 请求头中取出 token String userId = JWT.decode(token).getAudience().get(0); return userId; } /** * 获取request * @return */ public static HttpServletRequest getRequest() { ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder .getRequestAttributes(); return requestAttributes == null ? null : requestAttributes.getRequest(); } }
6、pojo包
User:
package com.geesun.pojo; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableField; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; import java.io.Serializable; @Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor @TableName(value = "`user`") public class User implements Serializable { @TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.NONE) private String id; @TableField(value = "username") private String username; @TableField(value = "password") private String password; private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; }
7、controller包
UserController:
package com.geesun.controller; import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject; import com.geesun.annotation.UserLoginToken; import com.geesun.common.CodeMsg; import com.geesun.common.Result; import com.geesun.pojo.User; import com.geesun.service.UserService; import com.geesun.service.impl.TokenService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import javax.servlet.http.Cookie; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * @author :Mr.ZJW * @date :Created 2022/2/26 10:47 * @description: */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @Autowired private TokenService tokenService; /** * 查询用户信息 * @return */ @UserLoginToken @GetMapping("/list") public Result<Object> list(){ return Result.success(userService.list()); } /** * 登录验证 * @param user * @param response * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/login" ,method = RequestMethod.GET) public Result<Object> login(User user, HttpServletResponse response) { JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(); //获取用户账号密码 User userForBase = new User(); userForBase.setId(userService.findByUsername(user).getId()); userForBase.setUsername(userService.findByUsername(user).getUsername()); userForBase.setPassword(userService.findByUsername(user).getPassword()); //判断账号或密码是否正确 if (!userForBase.getPassword().equals(user.getPassword())) { return Result.error(CodeMsg.USER_OR_PASS_ERROR); } else { String token = tokenService.getToken(userForBase); jsonObject.put("token", token); Cookie cookie = new Cookie("token", token); cookie.setPath("/"); response.addCookie(cookie); return Result.success(jsonObject); } } }
8、service包
UserService接口:
package com.geesun.service; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService; import com.geesun.pojo.User; public interface UserService extends IService<User> { int deleteByIds(Long[] ids); int addUser(User user); User findByUsername(User user); User findUserById(String userId); }
UserServiceImpl实现类:
package com.geesun.service.impl; import cn.hutool.core.util.ArrayUtil; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.LambdaQueryWrapper; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl; import com.geesun.mapper.UserMapper; import com.geesun.pojo.User; import com.geesun.service.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.Arrays; @Service public class UserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<UserMapper, User> implements UserService { @Autowired private UserMapper userMapper; /** * 判断用户名 * @param user * @return */ public User findByUsername(User user){ return userMapper.selectOne(new LambdaQueryWrapper<User>().eq(User::getUsername,user.getUsername())); } public User findUserById(String userId) { return userMapper.selectById(userId); } }
TokenService:
package com.geesun.service.impl; import com.auth0.jwt.JWT; import com.auth0.jwt.algorithms.Algorithm; import com.geesun.pojo.User; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.Date; /** * @author :Mr.ZJW * @date :Created 2022/2/28 10:20 * @description: */ @Service public class TokenService { public String getToken(User user) { Date start = new Date(); long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 60* 60 * 1000;//一小时有效时间 Date end = new Date(currentTime); String token = ""; token = JWT.create().withAudience(user.getId()).withIssuedAt(start).withExpiresAt(end) .sign(Algorithm.HMAC256(user.getPassword())); return token; } }
9、mapper包
package com.geesun.mapper; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper; import com.geesun.pojo.User; public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper<User> { }
1、登录验证
2、查询用户信息
这个方法加上了@UserLoginToken,所以要token才能查询
3、不加上Token进行测试就会出错提示
出错提示:
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