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五子棋是一种经典的策略性棋类游戏,规则简单但变化无穷。本文将详细介绍如何使用Python和Pygame库来实现一个简易的五子棋小游戏。通过本文的学习,你将掌握如何使用Pygame创建游戏窗口、绘制棋盘、处理用户输入、实现游戏逻辑以及添加简单的对手。
首先,确保你的计算机上已经安装了Python。如果没有安装,可以从Python官网下载并安装最新版本的Python。
Pygame是一个用于编写游戏的Python库,提供了丰富的功能来创建2D游戏。你可以通过以下命令安装Pygame:
pip install pygame
在开始编写代码之前,我们先规划一下项目的结构。整个项目将包含以下几个部分:
首先,我们需要创建一个游戏窗口。Pygame提供了pygame.display.set_mode()
函数来创建窗口。
import pygame
# 初始化Pygame
pygame.init()
# 设置窗口大小
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 600, 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
# 设置窗口标题
pygame.display.set_caption("五子棋")
# 游戏主循环
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
# 更新屏幕
pygame.display.flip()
# 退出Pygame
pygame.quit()
在这段代码中,我们首先初始化了Pygame,然后创建了一个600x600像素的窗口,并设置了窗口标题为“五子棋”。接着,我们进入游戏主循环,监听用户事件(如关闭窗口),并不断更新屏幕。
接下来,我们需要在窗口中绘制五子棋的棋盘。五子棋的棋盘通常是一个15x15的网格。
import pygame
# 初始化Pygame
pygame.init()
# 设置窗口大小
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 600, 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
# 设置窗口标题
pygame.display.set_caption("五子棋")
# 定义棋盘大小
BOARD_SIZE = 15
CELL_SIZE = WIDTH // BOARD_SIZE
# 定义颜色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GRAY = (200, 200, 200)
# 绘制棋盘
def draw_board():
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
rect = pygame.Rect(j * CELL_SIZE, i * CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, GRAY, rect, 1)
# 游戏主循环
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
# 清屏
screen.fill(WHITE)
# 绘制棋盘
draw_board()
# 更新屏幕
pygame.display.flip()
# 退出Pygame
pygame.quit()
在这段代码中,我们定义了棋盘的大小为15x15,并计算了每个格子的大小。然后,我们编写了一个draw_board()
函数来绘制棋盘。在游戏主循环中,我们首先清屏,然后调用draw_board()
函数绘制棋盘,最后更新屏幕。
现在,我们需要实现玩家和的落子功能。玩家可以通过鼠标点击来落子,则根据简单的规则来落子。
import pygame
# 初始化Pygame
pygame.init()
# 设置窗口大小
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 600, 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
# 设置窗口标题
pygame.display.set_caption("五子棋")
# 定义棋盘大小
BOARD_SIZE = 15
CELL_SIZE = WIDTH // BOARD_SIZE
# 定义颜色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GRAY = (200, 200, 200)
# 初始化棋盘
board = [[None for _ in range(BOARD_SIZE)] for _ in range(BOARD_SIZE)]
# 绘制棋盘
def draw_board():
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
rect = pygame.Rect(j * CELL_SIZE, i * CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, GRAY, rect, 1)
if board[i][j] == "black":
pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK, (j * CELL_SIZE + CELL_SIZE // 2, i * CELL_SIZE + CELL_SIZE // 2), CELL_SIZE // 2 - 2)
elif board[i][j] == "white":
pygame.draw.circle(screen, WHITE, (j * CELL_SIZE + CELL_SIZE // 2, i * CELL_SIZE + CELL_SIZE // 2), CELL_SIZE // 2 - 2)
# 处理鼠标点击事件
def handle_click(pos):
x, y = pos
row = y // CELL_SIZE
col = x // CELL_SIZE
if board[row][col] is None:
board[row][col] = "black"
return True
return False
# 游戏主循环
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if handle_click(event.pos):
# 落子
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
if board[i][j] is None:
board[i][j] = "white"
break
else:
continue
break
# 清屏
screen.fill(WHITE)
# 绘制棋盘
draw_board()
# 更新屏幕
pygame.display.flip()
# 退出Pygame
pygame.quit()
在这段代码中,我们首先初始化了一个15x15的棋盘,用于存储每个格子的状态(None
表示空,"black"
表示黑子,"white"
表示白子)。然后,我们修改了draw_board()
函数,使其能够根据棋盘状态绘制棋子。
接着,我们编写了一个handle_click()
函数来处理鼠标点击事件。当玩家点击某个格子时,如果该格子为空,则在该位置落子(黑子)。然后,会在棋盘上找到一个空位落子(白子)。
接下来,我们需要实现判断胜负的功能。五子棋的胜负规则是:如果一方在横、竖、斜方向上连续落子五个,则该方获胜。
import pygame
# 初始化Pygame
pygame.init()
# 设置窗口大小
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 600, 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
# 设置窗口标题
pygame.display.set_caption("五子棋")
# 定义棋盘大小
BOARD_SIZE = 15
CELL_SIZE = WIDTH // BOARD_SIZE
# 定义颜色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GRAY = (200, 200, 200)
# 初始化棋盘
board = [[None for _ in range(BOARD_SIZE)] for _ in range(BOARD_SIZE)]
# 绘制棋盘
def draw_board():
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
rect = pygame.Rect(j * CELL_SIZE, i * CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, GRAY, rect, 1)
if board[i][j] == "black":
pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK, (j * CELL_SIZE + CELL_SIZE // 2, i * CELL_SIZE + CELL_SIZE // 2), CELL_SIZE // 2 - 2)
elif board[i][j] == "white":
pygame.draw.circle(screen, WHITE, (j * CELL_SIZE + CELL_SIZE // 2, i * CELL_SIZE + CELL_SIZE // 2), CELL_SIZE // 2 - 2)
# 处理鼠标点击事件
def handle_click(pos):
x, y = pos
row = y // CELL_SIZE
col = x // CELL_SIZE
if board[row][col] is None:
board[row][col] = "black"
return True
return False
# 判断胜负
def check_winner():
# 检查横向
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4):
if board[i][j] == board[i][j + 1] == board[i][j + 2] == board[i][j + 3] == board[i][j + 4] and board[i][j] is not None:
return board[i][j]
# 检查纵向
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
if board[i][j] == board[i + 1][j] == board[i + 2][j] == board[i + 3][j] == board[i + 4][j] and board[i][j] is not None:
return board[i][j]
# 检查斜向(左上到右下)
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4):
if board[i][j] == board[i + 1][j + 1] == board[i + 2][j + 2] == board[i + 3][j + 3] == board[i + 4][j + 4] and board[i][j] is not None:
return board[i][j]
# 检查斜向(右上到左下)
for i in range(4, BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4):
if board[i][j] == board[i - 1][j + 1] == board[i - 2][j + 2] == board[i - 3][j + 3] == board[i - 4][j + 4] and board[i][j] is not None:
return board[i][j]
return None
# 游戏主循环
running = True
winner = None
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and winner is None:
if handle_click(event.pos):
# 落子
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
if board[i][j] is None:
board[i][j] = "white"
break
else:
continue
break
# 检查胜负
winner = check_winner()
# 清屏
screen.fill(WHITE)
# 绘制棋盘
draw_board()
# 显示胜负结果
if winner is not None:
font = pygame.font.SysFont("Arial", 50)
text = font.render(f"{winner.capitalize()} wins!", True, BLACK)
screen.blit(text, (WIDTH // 2 - text.get_width() // 2, HEIGHT // 2 - text.get_height() // 2))
# 更新屏幕
pygame.display.flip()
# 退出Pygame
pygame.quit()
在这段代码中,我们编写了一个check_winner()
函数来判断是否有玩家获胜。该函数会检查棋盘上的每一行、每一列以及两条对角线,判断是否有连续五个相同的棋子。如果有,则返回该棋子的颜色("black"
或"white"
),否则返回None
。
在游戏主循环中,我们会在每次玩家和落子后调用check_winner()
函数,并根据返回值显示胜负结果。
目前,我们的对手只是简单地在棋盘上找到一个空位落子。接下来,我们将实现一个稍微智能一点的对手,使其能够根据当前棋盘状态选择最佳的落子位置。
”`python import pygame import random
pygame.init()
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 600, 600 screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption(“五子棋”)
BOARD_SIZE = 15 CELL_SIZE = WIDTH // BOARD_SIZE
BLACK = (0, 0, 0) WHITE = (255, 255, 255) GRAY = (200, 200, 200)
board = [[None for _ in range(BOARD_SIZE)] for _ in range(BOARD_SIZE)]
def draw_board(): for i in range(BOARD_SIZE): for j in range(BOARD_SIZE): rect = pygame.Rect(j * CELL_SIZE, i * CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE) pygame.draw.rect(screen, GRAY, rect, 1) if board[i][j] == “black”: pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK, (j * CELL_SIZE + CELL_SIZE // 2, i * CELL_SIZE + CELL_SIZE // 2), CELL_SIZE // 2 - 2) elif board[i][j] == “white”: pygame.draw.circle(screen, WHITE, (j * CELL_SIZE + CELL_SIZE // 2, i * CELL_SIZE + CELL_SIZE // 2), CELL_SIZE // 2 - 2)
def handle_click(pos): x, y = pos row = y // CELL_SIZE col = x // CELL_SIZE if board[row][col] is None: board[row][col] = “black” return True return False
def check_winner(): # 检查横向 for i in range(BOARD_SIZE): for j in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4): if board[i][j] == board[i][j + 1] == board[i][j + 2] == board[i][j + 3] == board[i][j + 4] and board[i][j] is not None: return board[i][j] # 检查纵向 for i in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4): for j in range(BOARD_SIZE): if board[i][j] == board[i + 1][j] == board[i + 2][j] == board[i + 3][j] == board[i + 4][j] and board[i][j] is not None: return board[i][j] # 检查斜向(左上到右下) for i in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4): for j in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4): if board[i][j] == board[i + 1][j + 1] == board[i + 2][j + 2] == board[i + 3][j + 3] == board[i + 4][j + 4] and board[i][j] is not None: return board[i][j] # 检查斜向(右上到左下) for i in range(4, BOARD_SIZE): for j in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4): if board[i][j] == board[i - 1][j + 1] == board[i - 2][j + 2] == board[i - 3][j + 3] == board[i - 4][j + 4] and board[i][j] is not None: return board[i][j] return None
def ai_move(): # 寻找最佳落子位置 best_score = -1 best_move = None for i in range(BOARD_SIZE): for j in range(BOARD_SIZE): if board[i][j] is None: # 模拟落子 board[i][j] = “white” score = evaluate_board() board[i][j] = None if score > best_score: best_score = score best_move = (i, j) if best_move: board[best_move[0]][best_move[1]] = “white”
def evaluate_board(): score = 0 # 检查横向 for i in range(BOARD_SIZE): for j in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4): line = [board[i][j + k] for k in range(5)] score += evaluate_line(line) # 检查纵向 for i in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4): for j in range(BOARD_SIZE): line = [board[i + k][j] for k in range(5)] score += evaluate_line(line) # 检查斜向(左上到右下) for i in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4): for j in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4): line = [board[i + k][j + k] for k in range(5)] score += evaluate_line(line) # 检查斜向(右上到左下) for i in range(4, BOARD_SIZE): for j in range(BOARD_SIZE - 4): line = [
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