开源监控软件Nagios之SNMP实战

   Nagios的功能以及它所使用的场景在此不必多说.网上很多这方面资料.本文主要介绍Nagios-SNMP-Plugins 来实现对企业中的服务器的硬件的监控,如:磁盘,CPU ,内存,网卡等在出现异常或恢复时通知管理员并使用PNP插件结合rrdtool实现绘图

一.实验环境

1.监控机:CentOS5.4_x32(192.168.1.253)

2.两台被监控机器:Windows (192.168.1.206),Linux(192.168.1.124)

3.所需软件:

       Nagios3.3.1

       Nagios-plugins-1.4.16    

       Nagios-snmp-plugins.1.1.1

       Rrdtool

       Pnp4nagios-0.6.18

       sendEmail

二.部署过程

1.确保系统开发组件已安装

2.使用yum安装LAMP环境

   yum -y install php php-cli php-common php-pdo php-gd php-mysql php-devel php-mbstrin

   yum -y install httpd httpd-devel system-config-httpd

   yum -y install mysql-devel mysql-server mysql

   yum -y install gd gd-devel

注:以上组件件中有PHP扩展,关于gd gd-devel必需安装不然map会出现异常.ndo2db会将的nagios信息转入MySQL数据库

3.启动Apache和MySQL

   chkconfig --add httpd || chkconfig httpd on//添加apache服务开机启动

   chkconfig --add mysqld || chkconfig mysqld on  //添加MySQL服务 开机启动

   service httpd restart  启动Apache

   service mysqld restart 启动MySQL

4.建立php测试文件,并验证

   vim /var/www/index.php

   <?

       phpinfo();

   ?>

三.依次安装所需软件

1.安装Nagios

   groupadd nagcmd

   useradd -G nagcmd nagios

   passwd nagios //手动设置密码

   usermod -a -G nagcmd apache

   cd nagios-3.3.1

   ./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd --enable-event-broker //--enable-enevnt-broker参数用于实现NDO的功能

   make all

   make install

   make install-init

   make install-commandmode

   make install-config

   htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin //指定Nagios的web接口登录密码

   make install-webconf

2.安装Nagios-plugins

   ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios

   make

   make install

   chkconfig --add nagios || chkconfig nagios on //配置Nagios开机启动    

   /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg //检测无异常即可以启动服务

   service nagios restart //重启apache服务

   service httpd restart //启动nagios服务

3.安装Nagios-snmp-plugins

   Crypt-DES-2.07.tar.gz

   Digest-HMAC-1.03.tar.gz

   Digest-MD5-2.53.tar.gz

   Digest-SHA1-2.13.tar.gz

   Net-SNMP-v6.0.1.tar.gz    

   分别解压进入各目录执行以下操作

   perl Makefile

   make test

   make install

   tar -zxvf nagios-snmp-plugins.tar.gz

   cd nagios_plugins

   ./install //依次回车即可,完成后会在/usr/local/nagios/libexec目录中生成相应的健康脚本

重启apache 和nagios

浏览器中输入：http://192.168.1.253/nagios

用户名：nagiosadmin

密码：上面设置的密码

三.配置监控

1,配置/usr/local/.nagios/etc/object/command.cfg文件,在文件结尾处添加以下内容.

###############################SNMP

define command {

command_name          check_tcpport

command_line          $USER1$/check_tcp -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -p $ARG1$ -w $ARG2$ -c $ARG3$

}

define command {

command_name          check_snmp_disk

command_line          $USER1$/check_snmp_storage.pl -H $HOSTADDRESS$ $USER7$ -p $ARG1$ -m $ARG2$ -w $ARG3$ -c $ARG4$

}

define command {

command_name          check_snmp_mem

command_line          $USER1$/check_snmp_storage.pl -H $HOSTADDRESS$ $USER7$ -p $ARG1$ -m $ARG2$ -w $ARG3$ -c $ARG4$ -f

}

define command {

command_name          check_snmp_cpuload

command_line          $USER1$/check_snmp_load.pl -H $HOSTADDRESS$ $USER7$ -p $ARG1$ -w $ARG2$ -c $ARG3$ -f

}

(-f 不可缺少否则无法出图)

配置监控之前先检测被检控主机状态，被控机上开启SNMP服务并配置好团体名及所接收来自哪些区域的请求．

windows

linux

测试成功就可以进行配置了．

２.定义监控主机

  在nagios.cfg中开启被监控主机的目录

添加windows主机监控文件

以下为192.168.1.206这台机器的监控配置

define host{

       use             windows-server

       host_name       web-192.168.1.206

       alias           My Windows Server

       address         192.168.1.206

       hostgroups      windows-server

       }

#####################################　//这里是分组，注，分组中需要指定一次

define hostgroup{

       hostgroup_name  windows-server

       alias           windows-server

}

define hostgroup{

       hostgroup_name  linux-server

       alias           linux-server

}

#####################################

define service{

       use                     generic-service

       host_name               web-192.168.1.206

       service_description     PING

       check_command           check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%!5

       }

###########Memory

define service{

       use                     generic-service

       host_name               web-192.168.1.206

       service_description     Memor

       check_command           check_snmp_mem!161!"Physical Memory"!10!20

｝

检测语法是否有错

/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

无报错即可重启nagios 服务

service nagios restart

刷新监控页面

三.配置监控对像使用量绘图功能

1.安装cgilib

tar -zxvf cgilib-0.6.tar.gz

cd cgilib-0.6

make

cp aux.h /usr/include/

cp cgi.h /usr/include/

cp libcgi.a /usr/lib/

2.安装rrdtool

yum -y install ruby

yum -y install pango pango-devel

rpm -ivh rrdtool *

3.安装PNP

cd pnp4nagios-0.6.18

./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --with-rrdtool=/usr/bin/rrdtool --with-perfdata-dir=/usr/local/nagios/share/perfdata

make all

make install

make install-config

4.配置apache

vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

末尾添加如下信息

Alias /pnp4nagios "/usr/local/pnp4nagios/share"

<Directory "/usr/local/pnp4nagios/share">

       AllowOverride None

       Order allow,deny

       Allow from all

       AuthName "Nagios Access"

       AuthType Basic

       AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users

       Require valid-user

       <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>

               RewriteEngine On

               Options FollowSymLinks

               RewriteBase /pnp4nagios/

               RewriteRule ^(application|modules|system) - [F,L]

               RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f

               RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d

               RewriteRule .* index.php/$0 [PT,L]

       </IfModule>

</Directory>

5.配置template.cfg

define host {

 name       host-pnp

 action_url /pnp4nagios/index.php/graph?host=$HOSTNAME$&srv=_HOST_

 register   0

}

define service {

  name       srv-pnp

action_url /pnp4nagios/index.php/graph?host=$HOSTNAME$&srv=$SERVICEDESC$

  register   0

}

6.配置commands.cfg

先注释原有的再添加

define command {

      command_name  process-service-perfdata

      command_line  /usr/bin/perl /usr/local/pnp4nagios/libexec/process_perfdata.pl

}

define command {

      command_name  process-host-perfdata

      command_line  /usr/bin/perl /usr/local/pnp4nagios/libexec/process_perfdata.pl -d HOSTPERFDATA

}

7.配置nagios.cfg

process_performance_data=1

enable_environment_macros=1

host_perfdata_command=process-host-perfdata

service_perfdata_command=process-service-perfdata

8.更新PHP至 5.2(CentOS 6.2可yum安装)

yum install php-gd

rpm --import http://repo.webtatic.com/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-webtatic-andy

wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://repo.webtatic.com/yum/webtatic.repo

yum --enablerepo=webtatic --exclude=php*5.3* list php

yum --enablerepo=webtatic --exclude=php*5.3* update -y php

验证:

rpm -qa |grep php

service httpd restart

测试PNP .删除或移动/usr/local/pnp4nagios/share/install.php配

9.为主机或服务配置绘图

重新启动服务.并查看监控页面.需要等一会才能出图

service httpd restart

service nagios restart

三.配置监控LINUX主机也一样,调用的模版文件改成linux-server.分组使用linux-server,前面定义过分组这里不用定义

cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/object/linux

vim 192.168.1.124.cfg

define host{

       use             linux-server,host-pnp

       host_name       web-192.168.1.124

       alias           My Linux Server

       address         192.168.1.124

       hostgroups      linux-server

       }

#####################################

define service{

       use                     generic-service,srv-pnp

       host_name               web-192.168.1.124

       service_description     PING

       check_command           check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%!5

       }

###########Memory

define service{

       use                     generic-service,srv-pnp

       host_name               web-192.168.1.124

       service_description     Mem

       check_command           check_snmp_mem!161!"Real Memory"!90!99

       }

###########disk/

define service{

       use                     generic-service,srv-pnp

       host_name               web-192.168.1.124

       service_description     disk-/

       check_command           check_snmp_stro!161!/!80!90

       }

#####CPU

define service{

       use                     generic-service,srv-pnp

       host_name               web-192.168.1.124

       service_description     cpuload

       check_command           check_snmp_cpuload!161!80!90

       }

###########Traffic

define service{

       use                     generic-service,srv-pnp

       host_name               web-192.168.1.124

       service_description     eth0

       check_command           check_snmp_traffic!2!200,100!300,200

       }

#####Process

define service{

       use                     generic-service,srv-pnp

       host_name               web-192.168.1.124

       service_description     httpd

       check_command           check_snmp_proc!httpd!3!20!100,200

       }

define service{

       use                     generic-service,srv-pnp

       host_name               web-192.168.1.124

       service_description     port80

       check_command           check_tcpport!80!0.0023!0.0067

       }

五：配置告警功能

1.定义宏变量

２.sendEmail的用法

下载 wget http://caspian.dotconf.net/menu/Software/SendEmail/sendEmail-v1.56.tar.gz

tar -zxvf sendEmail

cd sendEmail

cp -p sendEmail  /usr/local/bin

检测发信

/usr/local/bin/sendEmail –f nagios@test.com –t yahoon@test.com –s mail.test.com –u “from nagios” –xu nagios –xp p#3isoda –m happy

解释:-f 表示发送者的邮箱

-t 表示接收者的邮箱

-s 表示SMTP服务器的域名或者ip

-u 表示邮件的主题-xu

表示SMTP验证的用户名-xp

表示SMTP验证的密码(注意,这个密码貌似有限制,例如我用d!5neyland就不能被正确识别)

-m 表示邮件的内容

注:以上内容来源于网络

添加告警配置

# 'notify-service-by-email' command definition

define command{

      command_name notify-host-by-email

      command_line /usr/bin/printf "%b" "***** Nagios *****nnNotification Type: $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$nHost: $HOSTNAME$nState: $HOSTSTA

TE$nAddress: $HOSTADDRESS$nInfo: $HOSTOUTPUT$nnDate/Time: $LONGDATETIME$n" | /usr/local/bin/sendEmail -s $USER8$ -xu $USER9$ -xp $US

ER10$ -t $CONTACTEMAIL$ -f $USER9$ -l /var/log/sendEmail -u "** $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Host Alert: $HOSTNAME$ is $HOSTSTATE$ **" -m "***

** Nagios *****nnNotification Type: $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$nHost: $HOSTNAME$nState: $HOSTSTATE$nAddress: $HOSTADDRESS$nInfo: $HOSTOUTPUT$

nnDate/Time: $LONGDATETIME$n"

}

# 'notify-service-by-email' command definition

define command{

      command_name notify-service-by-email

      command_line /usr/bin/printf "%b" "***** Nagios *****nnNotification Type: $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$nnService: $SERVICEDESC$nHost: $H

OSTALIAS$nAddress: $HOSTADDRESS$nState: $SERVICESTATE$nnDate/Time: $LONGDATETIME$nnAdditional Info:nn$SERVICEOUTPUT$" | /usr/local/b

in/sendEmail -s $USER8$ -xu $USER9$ -xp $USER10$ -t $CONTACTEMAIL$ -f $USER9$ -l /var/log/sendEmail -u "** $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Servic

e Alert: $HOSTALIAS$/$SERVICEDESC$ is $SERVICESTATE$ **" -m "***** Nagios *****nnNotification Type: $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$nnService: $SE

RVICEDESC$nHost: $HOSTALIAS$nAddress: $HOSTADDRESS$nState: $SERVICESTATE$nnDate/Time: $LONGDATETIME$nnAdditional Info:nn$SERVICEOUTP

UT$"

}

定义联系人，可以定义多个用逗号隔开

关掉系统自带的sendmai

service sendmail stop

chkconfig sendmail off

重启服务．观测页面上的notification选项和上面定义的收信邮箱

本次实验先做到这里，稍后附上ndo2db+nagvis的配置．．