Haskell中如何实现和优化搜索算法和排序算法

在Haskell中实现搜索算法和排序算法通常通过函数式编程的方式来实现。以下是一些常见的搜索算法和排序算法的Haskell实现示例：

1. 线性搜索算法：

linearSearch :: Eq a => a -> [a] -> Maybe Int
linearSearch _ [] = Nothing
linearSearch x (y:ys)
  | x == y = Just 0
  | otherwise = fmap (+1) (linearSearch x ys)

2. 二分搜索算法：

binarySearch :: Ord a => a -> [a] -> Maybe Int
binarySearch _ [] = Nothing
binarySearch x xs = binarySearch' x xs 0 (length xs - 1)

binarySearch' :: Ord a => a -> [a] -> Int -> Int -> Maybe Int
binarySearch' _ _ lo hi | lo > hi = Nothing
binarySearch' x xs lo hi
  | x == xs !! mid = Just mid
  | x < xs !! mid = binarySearch' x xs lo (mid - 1)
  | otherwise = binarySearch' x xs (mid + 1) hi
  where mid = (lo + hi) `div` 2

3. 冒泡排序算法：

bubbleSort :: Ord a => [a] -> [a]
bubbleSort xs = foldr (\x sorted -> bubble x sorted) xs [1..length xs-1]

bubble :: Ord a => a -> [a] -> [a]
bubble x [] = [x]
bubble x (y:ys)
  | x < y = x:y:ys
  | otherwise = y : bubble x ys

以上是一些简单的搜索算法和排序算法的Haskell实现示例。为了优化这些算法，可以使用惰性计算、尾递归优化、模式匹配等技术。另外，还可以考虑使用更高效的数据结构，如数组和向量，来提高算法的性能。