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在实际应用中,使用 Python 进行自动化运维的过程可能会涉及到多个库和函数
使用 subprocess
库执行系统命令:
import subprocess
def run_command(command):
process = subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
return process.returncode, stdout.decode(), stderr.decode()
command = "ls /tmp"
exit_code, output, error = run_command(command)
print("Exit code:", exit_code)
print("Output:", output)
print("Error:", error)
使用 paramiko
库进行 SSH 操作:
import paramiko
def ssh_command(hostname, port, username, password, command):
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
client.connect(hostname, port, username, password)
stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command(command)
output = stdout.read().decode()
error = stderr.read().decode()
client.close()
return output, error
hostname = "example.com"
port = 22
username = "user"
password = "password"
command = "ls /tmp"
output, error = ssh_command(hostname, port, username, password, command)
print("Output:", output)
print("Error:", error)
使用 fabric
库进行自动化部署:
from fabric import Connection
def deploy(hostname, port, username, password, local_path, remote_path):
conn = Connection(f"{username}@{hostname}:{port}", connect_kwargs={"password": password})
conn.put(local_path, remote_path)
conn.run(f"chmod +x {remote_path}")
conn.run(f"{remote_path}")
hostname = "example.com"
port = 22
username = "user"
password = "password"
local_path = "my_script.sh"
remote_path = "/tmp/my_script.sh"
deploy(hostname, port, username, password, local_path, remote_path)
使用 ansible
库进行配置管理:
from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader
from ansible.vars.manager import VariableManager
from ansible.inventory.manager import InventoryManager
from ansible.playbook.play import Play
from ansible.executor.task_queue_manager import TaskQueueManager
from ansible.plugins.callback import CallbackBase
class ResultCallback(CallbackBase):
def v2_runner_on_ok(self, result, **kwargs):
print(result._result)
loader = DataLoader()
inventory = InventoryManager(loader=loader, sources="localhost,")
variable_manager = VariableManager(loader=loader, inventory=inventory)
play = Play().load(dict(name="Ansible Play", hosts="all"), loader=loader, variable_manager=variable_manager)
tqm = TaskQueueManager(inventory=inventory, loader=loader, variable_manager=variable_manager, passwords=None)
tqm._stdout_callback = ResultCallback()
tqm.run(play)
这些示例仅涵盖了 Python 自动化运维的一部分功能。实际上,根据需求,你可以结合更多库和工具来完成复杂的任务。在编写自动化脚本时,请确保遵循最佳实践,例如使用合适的错误处理、日志记录和文档编写。
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